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The Confederate Army fires on Fort Sumter in South Carolina, marking the beginning of the Civil War.
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President Abraham Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers to serve in the Union Army.
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The First Battle of Bull Run (or First Manassas) takes place in Virginia, resulting in a Confederate victory.
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The Battle of Antietam (or Sharpsburg) takes place in Maryland, resulting in the bloodiest single day in American military history with over 22,000 casualties.
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President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring all slaves in Confederate-held territory to be free.
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The Battle of Gettysburg takes place in Pennsylvania, resulting in a Union victory and a turning point in the war.
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President Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C.
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The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude, is ratified.