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The 57th Virginia Infantry was organized on September 25, 1861 when five companies were added to the five extant companies of Major Elisha Keen's battalion.
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Colonel Lewis Addison Armistead was chosen as the first regimental commander and he served until he was promoted to brigadier general on April 1, 1862. Soon after was killed during the Picketts charge.
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Elisha Ford Keen briefly succeeded Armistead, but he resigned on July 31, 1862.
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Keen was followed by Colonel David Dyer who also resigned on January 12, 1863
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Colonel John Bowie Magruder was next in command of the regiment and he served until he was mortally wounded at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on July 3, 1863. George W. Carr also served as commander of the 57th for a short period of time in 1863.