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American educators begin articulating ideas that would soon be translated into the formal assessment of student achievement.
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The development and administration of a range of new testing instruments, from measuring mental ability to attempting to assess how well students were prepared for college.
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French psychologist Alfred Binet begins developing a standardized test of intelligence.
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Standardized testing is standard practice: aptitude quizzes called Army Mental Tests are conducted to assign US servicemen jobs during the war effort.
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Founded as the Scholastic Aptitude Test by the College Board, a nonprofit group of universities and other educational organizations.
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The University of Iowa initiates the first major statewide testing program for high school students.
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High-speed computing is first applied to testing. Electronic data processing equipment was used to process massive numbers of tests.
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The first automatic test scanner is developed, a rudimentary computer called the IBM 805. Iowa tests are being made available to schools outside the State.
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Iowa also introduces computerization to the scoring of tests and production of reports to schools.
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The Elementary and Secondary Education Act in particular opens the way for new and increased uses of norm-referenced tests to evaluate programs.
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No Child Left Behind education reform is its expansion of state-mandated standardized testing as means of assessing school performance.
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Every Student Succeeds Act is passed. ESSA takes steps to reduce standardized testing and decouples testing and high-stakes decision-making.