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Brown v. Board of Education 1954
Supreme Court rules that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional
Began the movement of equality in education -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
Provided state federal money to states in order to improve opportunities for students who were disadvantaged (including children with disabilities) -
Diana v. State Board of Education 1970
Helped fix misclassification of students in special education
IQ tests were not biased and were given in the language appropriate for the student -
Education of the Handicapped Act of 1970
Provide state grants to help expand education programs for students with disabilities
Federal government money was given to schools to help train special education teachers better -
Mills v. Board of Education 1972
Since segregation was deemed unconstitutional, it also is unconstitutional to deny students with disabilities as education -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
Federal funding was provided to those who promised to education students with disabilities
Started requiring schools to develop an Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
Established procedural safeguards -
Armstrong v. Kline 1979
Parents of student noticed their children in special education began to regress during summer break
Ruled in favor of plaintiffs and brought forth the extended school year
ESY is available to children with disabilities -
Hendrick Hudson School v. Rowley 1982
School sued due to interpreter being taken away from deaf student.
Court ruled in favor of school because Amy Rowley was succeeding without the interpreter
Case offered a new interpretation of FAPE
Created a definition of FAPE and clarified that students don't have to have maximum support but enough to receive educational benefits -
Timothy W v. Rochester School District 1989
Student was denied special education services because the school felt his disability was "too severe" to benefit
Led to Zero-rejection policy
Schools could not deny a child special education services, no matter how severe their disabilities are -
The Idea Amendments of 1997
Changed the IEP team and added new components
Reorganized the structure of IDEA
Began requiring states to offer intervention efforts to parents before due process hearings -
No Child Left Behind Act of 2002
Reaction to the low academic achievement of American students
Began holding the government responsible for the gains for students academically
Standardized testing began
Very controversial law! -
Endrew F v. Douglas County School District 2017
Parents sued school for tuition to a private school because the school was unable to provide a "meaningful education"
Confusion with terminology in courts led to a debate of what schools are required to provide
Specify standards or not?
Ruled in favor a higher standard of education for students with disabilities