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- "Seperate but equal"
- Concerned an incident when African-American refused to sit in black section of the train. (Plessy v. Ferguson, Oyez)
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The U.S. Supreme Court declared segregation in schools as unconstitutional (“Brown v. Board of Education,” n.d.).
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-Pennsylvania Assn. for Retarded Children v. Common Wealth of Pennsylvania
-Mills v. Education of District of Columbia (Wright & Wright, 2014) -
-Federal law that protects the privacy of educational records of all students (U.S. Department of Education, 2018).
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Ensured that children with disabilities had access to education. (Wright & Wright, 2014)
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-Concerning a school district who refused to provide a ASL interpreter to Amy Rowley, a deaf student.
-Court stated that public schools are not required to provide sign language interpreters when child does not appear to need assistance and doing well otherwise. (Board of Ed. of Hendrick Hudson Central School Dist., Westchester Cty. v. Rowley, n.d). -
-Parents did not feel that school district offered an appropriate education for son.
-Court case that examined the parent's right to seek tuition reimbursement for private school placement under the Free Appropriate Public Education act (FAPE) (School Committee of the Town of Burlington v. Department of Education of Massachusetts,1985). -
-Established safeguards to ensure free appropriate education, as well as protection of both parent’s and student’s rights.
-Michael Panico, a “handicapped” student
Due to poor performance in public school’s, and following the specialist's advice, the parents of Michael enrolled him at the Carroll school. Who was responsible for the expenses of Michael’s tuition?
-Court ruled that parents may be reimbursed if placement is found to be appropriate. -
- Involved young girl, born with spina bifida, who required assistance with catheterization. -Established that specific medical services (procedures that does not have to be performed by a physician, such as catheterization) was considered to be a "related service" and must be provided by the school system (Britannica, 2015).
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-Case concerned child with sever intellectual disabilities. School insisted Timothy W. was incapable of learning.
-Case found in favor of Timothy W. and family, due to the school not providing proper treatment as assured under the Education for all Handicapped Children Act (Steketee, 2018). -
-Parents of child, who had down syndrome, felt that child would do best in mainstream classroom with non-disabled" children.
-Parents felt that their rights (provided under the Education for the Handicapped Act) were violated and school district was discriminating against son due to his disabilities (Kids Together, Inc.). -
Following child's suspension of 10 days, and if appropriate, the connect between child's disability and action must be considered:
-Does conduct in question connect to child's disability?
-Was it a failure to impliment IEP?
More than 11 days there must be a Manifestation determination meeting (Giuliani, 2015). -
-Determined if a student, who was emotionally disturbed, was emotionally disabled.
-Court decided that emotionally disturbed was not eligible to be considered emotionally disabled (Springer v. Fairfax County School Bd., 1997). -
-Garret F required a wheelchair and, due to a dependence by ventilator, required daily assistance with health needs. All financial responsibility of Garret’s special services was denied by school district. -Court ruled that, if service assist child to succeed in school, the IDEA funded school districts must provide services.
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-All children has fair and significant opportunities.
- Children within the same grade level are held to same expectations. (Wright & Wright, 2014) -
-Early intervention programs
-More emphasis on importance of trained professionals as special educator. (Wright & Wright, 2014) -
-Parents requested Individual Education Plan (IEP) after daughter attempted suicide; daughter diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome
-It was deiced that student did quality as student with a disability (Quimbee). -
-Parents of Endrew, fifth grader autistic boy, believed public school was inadequate and not meeting their son’s academic needs. Parents decide to place son into private school and believed that the school district should reimburse Endrew’s private school tuition.
-Case questioned to what extent are school districts responsible in providing a free appropriate public education and what is considered an “appropriate” education.(Endrew F. v. Douglas Country School District, 2017)
