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Rock 'n' Roll
Many concerned observers blamed teen delinquency on rock 'n' roll, a new form of music that emerged during the 1950s. Elvis Presley was known as the "King of Rock and Roll." Presley's gyrating, sensual state performances and his incomparably rich and raw baritone voice drove teenagers wild and earned him millions of fans around the world. His movements, said one music critic, "suggested, in a word, sex." Rock 'n' roll flourished during the 50s and it became so controversial. -
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Chicano Cultural Movement
The Chicano mural movement began in the 1960s in Mexican-American barrios throughout the Southwest. Artists began using the walls of city buildings, housing projects, schools, and churches to deport Mexican-American culture. The movement got white Americans aware of Mexican-American culture and issues. It was basically about educating whites about labor and other issues. People like Dolores Huerta and Cesar Chavez help improve the Latino community and they focused on helping Hispanics rights. -
G.I Bill
On June 22, 1944, the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, also known as the G.I Bill of Rights, was signed into law. Officially the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, the G.I Bill was created to help veterans of World War II. It established hospitals, made low interest mortgages available and granted stipends covering tuition and expenses for veterans attending college or trade schools. It benefited many veterans for being in the military. -
Joseph McCarthy
For Many Americans, the most enduring symbol of the Red Scare was the senator Joseph P. McCarthy of Wisconsin. McCarthy spent almost five years trying in vain to expose communists in the U.S. government. He accused thousands of American citizens of being communists or communist sympathizers. McCarthy's accusations were so intimidating that only a few people dared to speak out against him. -
Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine was an American foreign policy created to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War. It offered loans to rebuild Europe. It stooped the spread of communism, gave economic and military aid to countries under communistic threat. It helped countries who waned to fight communism and it's main purpose was to help fight communism around the world and not just Greece and Turkey. -
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Berlin Airlift
A military operation in the late 1940's that brought food and other needed goods into West Berlin by the government of East Germany, which at that time surrendered West Berlin. President Truman ordered the beginning of the Berlin Airlift to supply the city with food, fuel, for ten months. The Berlin Airlift resulted in the formation of NATO or North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, which brings together the armies of various countries like Britain and the United States after the second World War. -
Fair Deal
Just like FDR had the New Deal, Truman had his Fair Deal, which extended to the New Deal. He built upon the New Deal by offering something to nearly every group the Democrats hoped to attract as voters. It ensured civil rights for all Americans. He added proposals to increase aid to education, expand unemployment and retirement benefits, create a comprehensive system of national health insurance, increase the minimum wage. The overall goal was to provide better economic opportunity. -
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Beat Generation
Starting in the 1950s, the Beat Generation rose to prominence in Ameirca, inspiring a culture of nonconformity and social revolution. The Beat Generation were also known as "Beats" or "Beatniks." They were artists, novelists, and poets who rejected American materialism and culture and they were upset about how American culture was in the 1950s. They rejected home ownership, career and marriage. They also believed in individual freedom and pleasure like sex and drugs. -
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Korean War (The Forgotten War)
The Korean War began when 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean Communist army poured across the 38th parallel. By July, American troops had entered the war on South Korea's behalf. This was a war against the forces of communism. The Korean War is often called "The Forgotten War" since we don't really talk about Korea like we talk about Vietnam or World War II. This war ended the life of more than 30,000 soldiers. The armistice signed on July 27th, 1953, formally ended the war in Korea. -
Little Richard
Little Richard was born on December 5th, 1932, in Macon Georgia. He was the third elders of the twelve children of Leva Mae and Charles Penniman. In September, Richard stepped into the recording studio and pumped out "Tutti-Frutti," an instant Billboard hit that reached No.17. His importance in the development of rock music has never been questioned. In 1986, Little Richard was one of the 10 original inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. -
Television
After World War II, the television was a toy for only a few thousand wealthy Americans. Just ten years later, nearly two-thirds of American households had a television. In the 1950s, "I Love Lucy" topped ratings charts and almost all Americans loved the show. After 1960, the number of households in the U.S with at least one t.v set rose from less than a million to 44 million; it changed the way people lived. When president Kennedy was assassinated, Americans turned on the t.v to get news. -
Duck and Cover
Duck and Cover drills bring the Cold War Home. After the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949, the American public was understandably nervous. They were aware of the destruction that individual atomic bombs did to the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. "Duck and cover" is a method of personal protection against the effects of a nuclear explosion. Everyone was taught to "duck and cover" including children at school. -
Brown V. Board of Education
This was known as the second most important court case. The decision helped to inspire the civil rights movement of the late 1950s and 1960s. The U.S supreme court ruled Brown vs. Board of education that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. It determined that "separate but equal" educational facilities denied equal educational opportunities. For some, it signaled the start of the civil rights movement, and for others, it represented the fall of segregation. -
Albert Sabin
Albert Sabin was a Polish American medical researcher, best known for developing the oral polio vaccine which has played a key role in nearly eradicating the disease. The action of oral polio vaccine produces antibodies in the blood and it protects the individual against polio paralysis by preventing the spread of polio virus to the nervous system. Sabin introduced the oral vaccine in the United States in the 1960s that actually replaced Jonas Salk's polio vaccine since it was much helpful. -
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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a long, costly armed conflict that pitted the communist regime of North Vietnam and its southern allies, known as the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The war begin after the rise to power of Ho Chi Minh and his communist Viet Minh party in North Vietnam, and continued against the backdrop of an intense Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. More than 58,000 U.S soldiers died and more than 2 million Vietnam did too. -
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Space Race
After WWII, the U.S and Soviet Union realized how important rocket research would be to the military.The Space Race refers to the twentieth century competition between two Cold War Rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. Space race was a dramatic arena as each side sought to prove the superiority of its technology. The U.S competition with the USSR for technological dominance spurred the U.S on to the first ever landing on the moon. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
The Civil Rights Act of 1957, enacted September 9, 1957, primarily a voting rights bill, was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875. President Eisenhower signed it into law originally proposed by Attorney General Herbert Brownell, the act marked the first occasion since Reconstruction that the federal government undertook significant legislative action to protect civil rights. This was supported by non-southern whites. -
Little Rock 9
9 brave African Americans who stood up for rights. These nine black students enrolled at all white Central High School in Little Rock, testing a landmark ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. White students abuse the black students since Orval Faubus had ordered not to let them in. On September, president Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the "Little Rock Nine" into the school, and they started their first full day of classes on September 25th. -
Sit-Ins
A form of civil disobedience in which demonstrators occupy seats and refuse to move during the 1960s in the civil rights movement and later in the movement against the Vietnam War. Protests by African American college students, who took seats at "whites only" lunches counters and refused to leave until served. This was seen and used in Birmingham Alabama, Greensboro North Carolina, and Nashville Tennessee. College students basically sat and did not move until their demands were met. -
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Hippies
Hippie, also known as hippy, were around during the 1960s and 1970s, and they were part of a counter cultural movement that rejected the mores of mainstream American life. The movement originated on college campuses in the United States, although it spread to other countries like Canada and Britain. They were about peace and living the moment without inhibition. Rock music was a catalyst in spreading the counterculture. They rejected cars, suburban homes and average jobs their parents had. -
LSD
Though it is true that the hippies advocated for altruism and non violence, popular media has also portrayed the hippie movement as one where the use of drugs and alcohol was popular during the 1960s. The most common drug used by the hippies was LSD. The drug was inexpensive, making it easy to expand its usage among the group. The LSD was the most common hallucinogen and is one of the most potent mood changing chemicals. But the physical affects include higher body temperature and blood pressure -
Peace Corps
The Peace Crops is a volunteer program run by the United States government. The Peace Corps was a program for thousands young men and women to travel to under developed countries and teach English and help villagers find water. Kennedy created the Peace Corps in order to redeem himself after the Bay of Pigs invasion. It also provided technical assistance, helping people outside the United States to understand American culture, and helping Americans to understand the culture of others. -
Polio Vaccine
Polio is an infectious disease caused by a virus that lives in the throat and intestinal tract. After the disease ran its course many people left paralyzed for the rest of their lives. In 1952 an epidemic year for polio there were 58,000 new cases reported in the United States, and more than 3,000 died from the disease. The polio vaccine changed modern medicine although some dint afford. The National Foundation raised thousands of dollars and helped people care for their polio back in the 50s. -
Bay of Pigs
On April 17th, 1961, Cuban exiles launched what became a botched invasion at the Bay of Pigs on the South coast of Cuba. In 1959, Fidel Castro came to power in an armed revolt that overthrew Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. The Bay of Pigs invasion and its aftermath left a revolution in Cuba and ended in 1959 with the ouster of Batista and the establishment of a new government under Castro. It also led to the reassessment of Cuba policy by the Kennedy administration. -
Freedom Rides
Civil rights campaign of the Congress of Racial Equality in which protesters traveled by bus through the South to desegregate bus stations; white violence against them prompted the Kennedy administration to protect them and become more involved in civil rights. Though Freedom Ride was well known, It was not the first time that segregation in transport had been challenged in the deep South. In 1946, the Supreme Court ruled that segregated seating on interstate buses was unconstitutional. -
Dr.Jonas Salk
Jonas Salk was born October 28th, 1914. In 1947, Salk took a position at the University of Pittsburgh, where he began conducting research on polio. He was an American physician and medical researcher who developed the first safe and effective vaccine for polio. The testing of the polio vaccine began in 1952 and it was mostly given to children. Salk launched his own research organization known as the Salk Center for Biological Studies in 1963. His vaccine saved many lives during the 1960s. -
Apollo 13
On April 11, Apollo 13, the third lunar landing mission, is successfully launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The mission was for the astronauts to explore the lmbrium Basin and conduct geological experiments. After an oxygen tank exploded on the evening of April 13, however, the new mission objective became to get the Apollo 13 crew home alive. It was a successful failure because of the experience gained in rescuing the crew which included Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin Aldrin. -
Assassination of JFK
The assassination of John F. Kennedy happened on November 22, 1963 on Dallas Texas. The 35th president of the United States was assassinated while riding in a motorcade with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas governor John Connally, and Connally's wife, Nellie. A ten month investigation by the Warren Commission concluded that Oswald acted alone in shooting Kennedy. Kennedy's death marked the fourth and the most recent assassination of American President after Lincoln, Garfield and McKinley. -
Jack Ruby
On November 24, two days after Kennedy's assassination, Lee Harvey Oswald was brought to the basement of the Dallas police headquarters on his way to a more secure jail. A crowd of police and press with live television cameras rolling gathered to witness his departure. As Oswald came into the room, Jack Ruby emerged from the crowd and fatally wounded him with a single shot from a concealed .38 revolver. In his trial, he denied the charge but it wasn't later in March, when he was found guilty. -
Warren Commission
A week after president John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, his successor, Lyndon Johnson established a commission to investigate Kennedy's death.After a yearlong investigation, Chief Justice Earl Warren concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald had acted alone in the assassination. Despite his conclusions, the report failed to silence conspiracy theories surrounding the event. Subsequent investigations have both supported and called into question the Warren Commission's report. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal application of voted registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by the facilities that served the general public. Congress expanded the act and also passed additional legislation aimed bringing equality to African Americans, such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
Barry Goldwater
Barry Goldwater served five terms as a United States Senator for Arizona and was the Republican nominee for President in the Election of 1964. Early in his career, Goldwater established a reputation for anti-communism. He voted against the censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy. The results of the 1964 election were a landslide victory for the Democrats and Barry Goldwater not a major political factor after that. But he did remained a sentimental favorite of conservatives. -
Daisy Girl Ad
"Daisy," sometimes known as "Daisy Girl," was a controversial political advertisement aired on television during the 1964 United States presidential election by incumbent president Lyndon B. Johnson's campaign. The commercial ended with a voice urging viewers to vote for Lyndon Johnson. The ad made no mention of his opponent, but the real message, that a vote for Barry Goldwater means Daisy Girl dies, along with everyone else. It was an add to convince people not to vote for Goldwater. -
Birmingham March
The Birmingham campaign or Birmingham movement, was a movement organized in early 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham Alabama. MLK and thousands of African Americans marched to Montgomery. Police meet them with tear gas and clubs and as they walked, police and other whites brutally beat them and hurt them. The march is also known as "Bloody Sunday" and it is highly known in America. -
Selma March
On March 25th, Martin Luther King led thousands of nonviolent demonstrators to the steps of the capitol in Montgomery, Alabama, after 5 day, 54 mile march form Selma to Montgomery. When state troopers met the demonstrators at the edge of the city, it became known as "Bloody Sunday." It was known as bloody Sunday since they only got as far as the Edmund Pettus Bridge six blocks away, where state and local lawmen attacked them with billy clubs and tear gas and drove them back into Selma. -
The Great Society
The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964-1965. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. Lyndon Johnson promised education, good standard of living, and beautification. The Great Society actually went further than the new deal. Some programs of the Great Society include Medicare, Medicaid, the Older Americans Act and federal education funding, continue to the president. -
Watts Riots
The Watts riots, sometimes referred to as the Watts Rebellion, took place in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles. This was the first large race riot since the end of World War II. On August 11, 1965, an African American motorist was arrested for drunk driving. A minor roadside argument broke out, and then escalated into a fight. This triggers a week of violence and anger revealing the resentment blacks felt toward treatment toward them. The riot resulted in 34 deaths and over 1032 injuries. -
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Anti-War Movement
The Anti-War Movement was a student protest that started as the Free Speech movement in California and spread around the world. All members of the anti-war movement shared an opposition to war in Vietnam and condemned U.S. presence there. They claimed this was violating Vietnam's rights. This movement resulted in growing activism on campuses aimed at social reform etc. Primarily a middle-class movement. The growing anti-war movement alarmed many in the United States government. -
Death of MLK
In early April 1968, shock waves reverberated around the world with the news that U.S civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. had been assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. MLK had led the civil rights movement since the mid-1950s, using a combination of powerful words and non violent tactics. After Martin Luther King was shot, he was rushed to the St.Joseph's Hospital, where he was pronounced dead at 7:05 pm that evening. His wife and his four children suffered so much after King's death. -
Warren Burger Supreme Court
Warren Burger was the 15th chief justice of the U.S Supreme Court, nominated by president Richard Nixon. In 1969, president Richard Nixon named Warren Burger chief justice of the Supreme Court. Burger's court upheld the 1966 Miranda decision, and Burger voted with the majority in the court's landmark 1973 decision, Roe vs. Wade, establishing women's constitutional right to have abortions. He was awarded the presidential medal of freedom in 1988. -
Black Entertainment Television (BET)
Black Entertainment Television is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the BET Networks division of Viacom. It is the most prominent television network targeting African American audiences, with approximately 88,255,000 American households receiving the channel. Programming on the network consists of original and acquired television series and direct to video-released films. The network has also aired rap, hip-hop, comedy news, and R&B music videos. -
Ike Turner
Ike Turner was born on November 5th 1931, and grew up playing the blues. He began playing piano and guitar when he was eight. And early pioneer of fifties rock and roll, he is most popularly known for this work in the 1960s and 1970s with his wife Tina Turner. In 1956, he met his future wife and singer named Anna Mae Bullock. He married her and helped create her stage persona, Tina Turner. The two created several R&B hits. He was a dedicated musician, songwriter, and a record producer. -
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The Environmental Protection Agency was established in December 1970 under the President, Richard Nixon. The EPA is an agency of the United States federal government whose mission is to protect human and environmental health. It is the practice of protecting the natural environment on individual, organisation controlled or governmental levels, for benefit of both the environment and humans. Since the 1960s, activity of environmental movements created awareness of the environmental issues -
Equal Rights Amendment
The equal rights amendment is defined as an amendment to the United States Constitution first proposed in 1972 to give equal rights to women and men. An example of the equal rights amendment is a guarantee that sex discrimination is illegal. Regardless of gender, the equal rights amendment seeks to end the legal distinctions between men and women in terms of divorce, property, employment, and other matters. -
Watergate
Watergate was a major political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s, following a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington D.C in 1972 and president Richard Nixon's administration's attempt cover-up of its involvement. In fact, historians are not sure whether Nixon knew about the Watergate espionage operation before it happened, but he took the steps to cover it up afterwards raising "hush money" for the burglars -
Endangered Species Act
The Endangered Species act was passed on December 28th, 1973 and it is a key legislation for both domestic and international conservation. The act aims to provide a framework to conserve and protect endangered and threatened species and their habitats. It provides for the conservation of species that are endangered or threatened (like plants and animals) throughout all or a significant portion of their range, and the conservation of the ecosystems on which they depend. -
Federal Election Commission (FEC)
The Federal Election Commission (FEC) is an independent regulatory agency that was founded in 1975 by the United States Congress to regulate the campaign finance legislation in the United States. It was created in a provision of the 1974 amendment to the federal election campaign act. The agency are to disclose campaign finance information, to enforce the provisions of the law such as the limits and prohibitions on contributions, and to oversee the public funding of presidential elections. -
Three Mile Island
The Three Mile Island accident was a partial nuclear meltdown that occurred on March 28th, 1979, in reactor number 2 of Three Mile Island Nuclear Station. It was the most significant accident in the United States commercial nuclear power plant history. A cooling malfunction caused part of the core to melt in the #2 reactor. The TMI-2 reactor was destroyed. Some radioactive gas was released a couple of days after the accident, but not enough to cause any dose background levels to local residents -
The Moral Majority
Moral Majority, U.S political action group composed of conservative, fundamentalists Christians. Founded and led by Rev. Jerry Falwell, the group played a significant role in the 1980 elections through its strong support of conservative candidates. It was a prominent American political organization associated with the Christian right and Republican Party. Christian right is a term to describe right-wing Christian political factions that are supported by their conservative policies. -
Panama Canal
The second, called the Panama Canal Treaty, stated that the Panama Canal Zone would cease to exist on October 1st, 1979 and the canal itself would be turned over to the Panamanians on December 31st, 1999. These two treaties were singed later on September. The Panama Canal Zone was an unincorporated territory of the Unites States from 1903 to 1979, centered on the Panama Canal and surrounded by the Republic of Panama. But the Panama Canal was first initiated by President Theodore Roosevelt -
Iran Hostage Crisis
55 American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4th, 1979 to January 20, 1981 after a group of Iranian students belonging to the Muslim student followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S Embassy in Tehran. Iran hostage crisis, embassy in Tehran by Iranian students. The overthrow of Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi of Iran by an Islamic revolutionary government earlier in the year had led to a steady deterioration in Iran. -
Robert Johnson
Robert Johnson is an African American entrepreneur, media magnate, executive, philanthropist and investor. He is considered to be one of the greatest blues performances of all time. He is the founder of the BET. Robert Johnson also becomes the first black American billionaire. Johnson's companies have counted among the most prominent African American businesses in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. He died at age 27 suspected victim of a deliberate poisoning. -
Reaganomics
Reaganomics is a popular term used to refer to the economics polices of Ronald Reagan, which called for widespread tax cuts, decreased social spending, increased military spending and the deregulation of domestic markets. He claimed that undue tax burden and massive social spending programs hampered growth. Reagan proposed a phased 30% tax cut for the first three years of his presidency. The economy theory behind the wisdom of such a plan was called supply-side or trickle down economics. -
Election of 1980
United States presidential election of 1980 was held on November 4th, 1980. Republican Ronald Reagan defeated incumbent Democratic President Jimmy Carter. Ronald Reagan won over Jimmy Carter because of the Iranian hostage crisis and America's stagflation. No one really liked Jimmy Carter, including his own Democrats. Reagan won easily and was very popular, Carter only won six states and the District of Columbia, putting the Republicans back in control for the firs time in twenty five years. -
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He was raised in a small town in Illinois. He was the 33rd governor of California. He cut taxes, increased defense spending, negotiated a nuclear arms reduction agreement with the Soviets and is credited with helping to bring a quicker end to the Cold War. Reagan, who survived a 1981 assassination attempt, died at the age of ninety three after battling Alzheimer's disease. -
Sandra Day O'Connor
Sandra Day O' Connor was an an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and was the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court. A moderate conservative, she was known for her dispassionate and meticulously researched opinions. For 24 years, she was a pioneering force on the Supreme Court and will always be remembered as acting as a sturdy guiding hand in the court's decisions during those years. She was acknowledged by Obama who honored her with the Medal of Freedom -
A.I.D.S Crisis
AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome starts affecting thousands of homosexuals in 1981. It spreads to heterosexual communities through blood transfusions. It is a disease in where there is a severe loss of the body's cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy and it is caused by the HIV virus. The first case of AIDS in the United States was recognized in San Francisco in April 24th. The number of reported AIDS cases in the USA reached 100,000 in 1989. -
Music Television (MTV)
In August 1st, 1981 MTV (Music Television) was launched on television. MTV was something that would define pop, culture, change in generations, and it would shape industry. MTV had music videos, video jockeys (VJs), and music news unavailable anywhere else. MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the United States and affiliated channels internationally. In today's time period, it is primarily towards teens. As of July 2015, approximately 92,188,000 U.S households have received MTV. -
Reagan Doctrine
The Reagan Doctrine was a strategy orchestrated and implemented by the United States under the Reagan Administration to overwhelm the global influence of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Cold War. The doctrine was the centerpiece of United States foreign policy. Under the Reagan Doctrine the United States provided overt and covert aid to anti communist guerrillas and resistance movements in an effort to roll back Soviet backed communist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. -
Iran Contra Affair
The Iran Contra affair was a political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan Administration. It was a secret arrangement in the 1980s to provide funds to the Nicaraguan contra rebels from profits gained by selling arms to Iran. The Iran contra afair was the product of two separate initiatives during the administration of President Ronald Reagan. It began when Reagan supplied weapons to Iran in hopes of securing the release of American hostages. -
Challenger Explosion
On January 28, 1986, the NASA shuttle orbiter mission STS-51-L and the tenth flight of Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, killing all seven crew members, which consisted of five NASA astronauts and two Payload Specialists. The astronauts deaths were due to the loss of Challenger, which was caused by an external tank explosion: the space shuttle broke apart because gasses in the external fuel tank mixed, exploded, and tore the space shuttle apart. -
George H.W. Bush
George Herbert Walker Bush is an American politician who was the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993 and the 43rd Vice President of the United States until 1989. He was a congressman, ambassador, and director of central intelligence. He is the oldest living former president and vice president. This president succeeded Ronald Reagan and his main focus was foreign policy. One term president because economy sank and had to rise taxes; lost popularity and was defeated by Clinton -
Fall of the Berlin Wall
During the early years of the Cold War, West Berlin was a geographical loophole through which thousands of East Germans fled to the democratic West. In response, the communist East authorities built a wall to encircle West Berlin. The wall was demolished by the Germans with the use of sledgehammers, pickaxes, and other implements.The wall was torn down on November 9th 1989, as a symbol of the fall of the repressive East German communist government. -
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Persian Gulf War/ 1st Iraq War
The Gulf War code named Operation Desert Shield for operations leading to the buildup of of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait. Iraq set Kuwait's oil fields on fire so the Americans couldn't gain the oil' this caused the US to set military bases in Saudi Arabia, also called Operation: Desert Storm -
Rodney King Incident
Rodney Glen King was an African American who became a symbol of a racial tension in American, after his beating by Los Angeles police officers in 1991 as it was videotaped and broadcast to the nation. Rodney was on the freeway when a police officer started pursuing him. After King led them on a high speed chase, he was pulled out of his case. Nearby resident George Holiday videotaped for white officers beating him, who is black. Parts of the footage are around the world and raised public concern -
Election of 1992
The United States presidential election of 1992 was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 3rd, 1992. There were three major candidates: Incumbent Republican George H.W. Bush, Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton, and independent Texas businessman Ross Perot. Republicans chose Bush for another election, Democrats chose Bill Clinton, Democrats also got control of both the House and Senate. Bill Clinton outnumbered with 44,909,889 votes from democrats. -
Hillary Clinton
Hillary Clinton was the first lady of the United States under president Bill Clinton. Proposed a sweeping reform designated to guarantee coverage to every American and hold down the costs of medical care. The Clinton Health Plan relied heavily on exiting institutions. She married Bill Clinton who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Hillary Clinton was the first lady to win a public office seat. She later became the 67th U.S secretary of state in 2009-2003 -
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
NAFTA came into effect creating one of the world's largest free trade zones and laying the foundations for strong economic growth and rising prosperity for Canada, the United States, and Mexico. It was an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and U.S creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. It superseded the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement between the U.S and Canada. In terms of combined purchasing power parity GDP of its members, the trade bloc is the largest in the world -
Oprah Winfrey
Oprah Winfrey was born on January 1954 in Kosciusko MS. She creates well known talk show about issues and trends of the day. The show became a hit and Winfrey stayed with it for eight years, after which she was recruited by a Chicago TV station to host her own morning show, a.m Chicago. She is one of the richest women in the world and she supports Obama in 2008. She is the first black women billionaire and the richest African American women She is also referred to by many as an influential women -
Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)
The Defense of Marriage Act was a United States federal law that defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one women, and allowed states to refuse to recognize same sex marriages granted under the laws of other states. DOMA's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same sex marriage, but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married same sex couples. Massachusetts became the first state to recognize same sex marriages. -
Election of 2000
The 2000 presidential election pitted Republican George W. Bush against Democrat Gore. The election hinged on results from the state of Florida, where the vote was so close as to mandate a recount. The outcome of the election was ultimately decided by the US Supreme Court in Bush v Gore. It was the first time the Supreme Court go involved in electoral college decision; decided the votes should stand as counted and Bush got the votes for the state giving Bush the presidency without popular vote -
Bush v. Gore (SCOTUS case)
The Supreme Court Case that Bush supports the reversal of Bush v Gore. It is the United States decision that resolved the dispute surrounding the 2000 presidential election. The Bush v. Gore involved the constitutionality of a manual recount of Florida election ballots during the controversial 2000 Presidential Election. In the bitterly contested election in Florida in 2000, George Bush carried the state by 573 votes out of six million cast, and thus got all the 25 of Florida's electoral votes. -
9/11 Attacks
The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks killed 2,996 people, injured over 6,000 others, and caused at least $10 billion in property and infrastructure damage and $3 trillion in total costs. Members of the Islamic terrorist group, Al Qaeda perpetrated a devastating, deadly assault on the United States, crashing planes into the Pentagon and the World Trade Center. -
Patriot Act
The USA Patriot Act is an Act of Congress that was signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 26. Uniting and strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism. The USA PATRIOT Act was enacted in response to the attacks of September 11, and became law less than two months after those attacks. It was basically designated to lower the probable cause threshold for obtaining intelligence warrants against suspected spies or enemies of U.S -
No Child Left Behind Act
The No Child Left Behind Act authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states. The law is a re-authorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.Under the 2002 law, state are required to test students in reading and math in grades 3-8 and once in high school. President George W. Bush's education reform bill was signed on law on January eight, 2002. It is the most sweeping education reform legislation when Lyndon Johnson passed his education act. -
Hurricane Katrina Disaster
Early morning on August 23, 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the United States. When the storm made landfall, it had a Category of 3 rating on the Hurricane Scale- it brought sustained winds of 100-140 miles per hour and stretched some 400 miles across. The storm itself did a great deal of damage, but its aftermath was catastrophic. Many people charged that the federal government was slow to meet the needs of the people affected by the storm. Hundreds of people were homeless. -
The Great Recession
The Great Recession is a term that represents the sharp decline in economic activity during the late 2000s, which is generally considered the largest downturn since the Great Depression. According to the Department of Labor, roughly 8.7 million jobs were shed from February 2008 to February 2010, and GDP contracted by 5.1%, making the Great Recession the worse since the Great Depression. It happened when banks realized they had lost significant sums of money though the US mortgage defaults. -
Election of 2008
The presidential election of 2008 was the 56th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 4th, 2008. Democratic Party nominees Barack Obama, and a U.S Senator from Illinois, and his running mate Joe Biden, a long time U.S Senator for Delaware. Barack Hussein Obama was elected 44th president of the United Sates, sweeping away the last racial barrier in American politics with ease as the country chose him as its first black, or African American executive. Served until 2017 -
Barack Obama
President Barack Obama was elected the first African-American president of the United States on November 5th, 2008, transcending centuries of inequality in America. As a president, he slowly ended the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, with intention to prepare the countries so that they could defeat themselves. He also signed the Affordable Care Act which changed many health care laws. He also enacted numerous acts to create public works jobs to help the economy. He also help express gay marriage -
The Affordable Care Act
The Affordable Care Act is a law consisting of two pieces of legislation that are collectively referred to as "Healthcare Reform" or "Obamacare." It is a law that expands and improve access to care and curbs spending through regulations and taxes. It is officially called the Protection and Affordable Act or Affordable Care Act for short, it was signed into law on March 23, 2010. The law provided consumers with subsides that lowers costs for households with incomes between 100% & 400% of poverty -
World Trade Center Attack- 1993
The 1993 World Trade Center bombing was a terrorist attack on the World Trade Center when a truck bomb denotated below the North Tower of the World Trade Center. On this day, terrorists drove a truck bomb underneath it and detonated it. The parking garage was gutted, but the buildings stood up until the two planes hit in 2001. The attack was planned by a group of terrorists including Ramzi Yousef and Mohammad Salameh. The attack injured over a thousand human beings and scared many to death.
