-
Period: to
Hubble Telescope - NASA and the European Space Agency
1923 - Herman Oberth comes up with the idea to create a telescope in space; the idea for the Hubble Telescope is born
1946 - Lyman Spitzer tries to make this idea a reality
1977 - Congress approves the funding for the idea
1990 - The Hubble Telescope is launched into space
1993 - astronauts travel to Hubble to make repairs on the telescope -
Period: to
Almaz - Soviet Union
1946 - The Almaz project was concieved
During the fourth quarter of the year 1971, Almaz had it's first test launch -
Period: to
Sputnik - Soviet Union
Sputnik 1 was launched on October 4, 1957
Sputnik 2 was launched on November 2, 1957
Sputnik 2 carried a passenger, Laika (a dog), which was the first animal to travel into space. Laika did not survive the trip -
Period: to
Pionneer Program - NASA
Pioneers 0, 1, and 2 were the first Lunar Landing attempts; all failed
Pioneers 3 and 4 were partial succeses: 3 did not escape atmosphere but did discover another belt of radiation, while 4 did escape but was unable to return data on the Moon's radiation
Pioneer 5 was a success. It provided the first map of magnetic fields.
Pioneers 6, 7, 8, and 9 were successes. They gave measurements of various things
We lost contact with both Pioneer 10 and 11 during 2001
Pioneers 12 and 13 observed Venus -
Period: to
Venera Probes - Soviet Union and the USSR Space Program
The main goal of the Venera Probes was to learn more about Venus
June 12, 1967 - Venera 4 was the first of the probes to record data from atmosphere
August 17, 1970 - Venera 7 was the first successful probe to land on Venus and record data
June 8, 1975 - Venera 9 was the first probe to take a black and white photo of Venus
September 14, 1978 - Venera 12 recorded the first sound on Venus
October 30, 1981 - Venera 13 was the first to take a color photo -
Period: to
Gemini - NASA
The American Gemini Project was announced on December 7th, 1961 -
Period: to
Mariner Program - NASA
The Mariner Program constited of 10 total launchings. The dates below are their launches.
M 1: July 22, 1962 - Venus; fail
M 2: Aug. 27, 1962 - Venus; success
M 3: Nov. 5, 1964 - Mars; fail
M 4: Nov. 28, 1964 - Mars; success
M 5: June 14, 1967 - Venus; success
M 6: Feb. 24, 1969 - Mars; success
M 7: March 29, 1969 - Mars; success
M 8: May 9, 1971 - orbit Mars; fail
M 9: May 30, 1971 - orbit Mars; success
M 10: Nov. 3, 1973 - Venus and Mercury; success
M 11 and 12 were never launched. -
Period: to
Mercury/ Atlas - NASA
The American Atlas Rocket was sent into orbit on February 20th, 1962 -
Period: to
Viking Probes - NASA
The Viking Project started in 1968
Viking 1: Launched- August 20, 1975, Arrived- June 19, 1976, Landed (on Mars)- July 20, 1976, Powered down- August 17, 1980 after 1485 orbits
Viking 2: Launched- September 9, 1975, Arrived- August 7, 1976, Landed (on Mars)- September 3, 1976, Powered down July 25, 1978 after 106 orbits
The Viking Probes were supposed to function for 90 days, but ended up sending data back to Earth for six years -
Period: to
Salyut - Soviet Union
Salyut was the first space station in history, made and launched by the Soviet Union.
April 17, 1971 - Salyut 1 was launched
April 19 (two days later - Salyut 1 reached orbit
The crew of the Soyuz lived on Salyut 1 for 3 weeks, but were died when the air escaped the Soyuz spacecraft
Saylut stations 2-7 were also launched shortly after the first, but too many technical difficulties were found with each one. -
Period: to
Skylab - America/NASA
Skylab was America's first space station.
May 14, 1973 - Skylab was launched
May 25 - The first crews arrived at the station
Later in 1973 - The space laboratory was emptied of equipment and passengers -
Period: to
Voyager Probes - NASA
Voyager 2 was launched on August 20, 1977. Voyager 1 was launched on September 5, 1977. On January 1, 1990, the VIM mission began. December 2004, Voyager 1 passed termination shock. August 2007 Voyager 2 passed through the termination shock. As of March 12, 2012, Voyager 1 was 19.9 billion km and Voyager 2 was 14.7 billion km away from the Sun. They are both still operating -
Period: to
Space Shuttle - NASA
April 12, 1981 - First launch using a space shuttle
April 4, 1983 - First flight for Challenger
August 30, 1984 - First flight for Discovery
October 3, 1985 - First flight for Atlantis
April 24, 1990 - Discovery launched the Hubble Space Telescope
May 7, 1992 - First flight for Endeavour
February 1, 2003 - The Columbia shuttle explodes about 40 miles above the surface
July 21, 2011 - Last flight of Atlantis -
Period: to
Mir - Soviet Union
Mir was the first permanent and the longest lasting space station to date. Mir was in fact built while in orbit.
February 20, 1986 - Mir launched
Mir was eventually damaged in an onboard fire.
March 23, 2001 - Brought down into the Pacific Ocean after 15 years in orbit. -
Period: to
Magellan Spacecraft - NASA
Magellan was launched on May 4, 1989. The spacecraft arrived at Venus on August 10, 1990. -
Period: to
Galileo Spacecraft - NASA
October 18th, 1989: The Galileo was launched
July 1994: The probe separated from the spacecraft
December 1995: The probe hit the atmosphere of Jupiter
The Galileo mission was extended into 2001
The final mission of Galileo ended on September 21, 2003 -
Period: to
N.E.A.R. - NASA
The N.E.A.R. Project was to explore Eros. It was the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid as well as the first to land on the surface of one.
February 17, 1996 - Spacecraft was launched
February 14, 2000 - N.E.A.R. Shoemaker started orbiting Eros
February 12, 2001 - Shoemaker landed safely on the asteroid
February 28, 2001 - Last connection with spacecraft -
Period: to
Cassini Huygens - NASA, European Space Agency, and Italian Space Agency
October 15, 1997 - The Cassini was launched
April 26, 1998 - Venus flyby 1
June 24, 1999 - Venus flyby 2
August 17, 1999 - Earth flyby
June 30, 2004 - Arrival at Saturn
December 24, 2004 - Cassini release of the Huygens probe onto Titan
September 15, 2017 - Planned completion of mission -
Period: to
ISS (International Space Station) - US, Japan, Canada, European, and Russian Space Agencies
The ISS is a joint project between the United States, Japan, Canada, European and Russian Space Agencies. THe station has been visited by astronauts from more than 15 countries
1998 - the space station was launched -
Period: to
Genesis Spacecraft - NASA
Genesis was the first spacecraft to make it past the Moon. On August 8, 2001, the spacecraft was launched. Sampling began on October 21, 2001. Sampling ended on April 2, 2004. Genesis crash landed on Earth on April 8, 2004 -
Period: to
Mars Rover - NASA
The two rovers were Opportunity and Spirit.
Opportunity was launched on July 7, 2003 and arrived at Mars on January 24, 2004. It is still operating.
Spirit was launched June 10, 2003 and arrived at Mars on January 4, 2004. Spirit ceased to operate in 2010 -
Period: to
Tiangong - China
China became the third nation to ever launch a manned spacecraft with Tiangong. Tiangong translates to "Heavenly Palace"
September 29, 2011 - launch of Tiangong
Tiangong is a prototype space station until the Chinese finish the Tiangong 2 in 2020. It is being used to test primary docking abilities and rendezvous experiments