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Period: to
Social Forces of the Pacific Northwest
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Religion/ Missionaries
Missionaries came to the Pacific Northwest to convert the Natives to adapt to Christian beliefs and the European's culture and economics (American Society). Three of the first missionareis to come were the Wyeth Lee Party, the Spauldings and the Whitmans. -
Science and Technology/Steamboats
On May 17,1836 The Beaver was the first steamboat to arrive to Oregon City. Steamboats became the way of transportation and moving cargo up and down the Columbia River and its tributaries. -
Religion/Narcissa Whitman
Narcissa Whitman, an idealist and missionary was one of the first women to brave the rugged West to spread the word of God and Religion. -
Environment/The Oregon Trail
From 1840-1860 many people traveled West via the Oregon trail. During the migration the environment suffered, mainly from animals and humans dying along the trail and not being buried properly, thus infecting water and contaminating others. -
Science and Technology/ The Oregon Boundary Dispute
The Oregon boundary dispute was a controversy over the political division of the Pacific Northwest of North America between several Imperialist nations that had competing territorial and commercial aspirations over the region. Surveying of the land resulted in creating boundaries. -
Environment/Mining for Gold and Mteals
Results from mining, depleted and pillaged land that was once pristine. Also many towns were abandoned after people left to gain fortune in other areas. -
Economics/Gold Rush
Gold rushes were defining events not only for the places where gold was found, but for the places the miners passed through in search of gold. -
Art and Architecture
Cataldo Mission
Mission of the Sacred Heart constructed in 1850-1853 by the Catholic Missionaries and the Coeur d'Alene Tribe. -
Science and Technology/Gold Mining
With the invention of hydrolic jets, large corporations started to take over in the gold mining industry, thus leaving the individual panning for gold in the "dust". -
Economics/Farming and Ranches
Land was bountiful and rich, with the migration of the pioneers, many settled and began to farm crops, such as, wheat, and fruits. While others sought ranching, using cows and sheep. This began around 1850 and is still part of the Pacific Northwest culture today. -
Environment/Reservations
Stevens presided at treaty councils with Indians west of the Cascade Mountains between December 25, 1854, and February 26, 1855, and with tribes east of the mountains between May 21 and October 17, 1855. The Indians generally agreed to move onto reservations, ceding more than 100,000 square miles of their historic territory. In exchange they received promises of land, buildings, cash and education. Also, the tribes reserved certain rights for themselves, particularly regarding fishing. -
Science and Technology/Well's Fargo and Co.
Well's Fargo and Co. were the entepenuers of the Great Overland Mail. Sending mail by steamboat, train, pony rider or telegraph, making correspondence as quick as possible for the era. -
Religion/Mormons of the PNW
Franklin, Idaho was the first town, which consisted of a group of 13 colonies, following the development of Franklin, the Mormons became the largest single religious group of the state of Idahp. -
Government/The Civil War
During 1861-1865 a battle was fought with the Union against the Confederate States, resulting in 620,000 deaths, with many more injured. In the Pacific Northwest the U.S. Army troops set up posts around the region. -
Government/Homestead Act
In 1862 Abraham Lincoln signed into law that anyone who has never been against the US government including freed slaves and women, and anyone 21 years and older, could file an application in order to obtain a land grant. -
Economics/Railroad
With the expansion of the railroad to the Pacific Northwest it opened up the opportunity to ship wheat and farm goods to other states while transporting consumer goods and passengers, making travel time shorter and easier. The railway connected the East to the West. -
Art and Architecture
"Spirit of the Frontier" By John Gast, depicts the "Manifest Destiny". A painting that shows settlers moving west being protected by Columbia. -
Government/The Dawes Act
The Dawes Act allowed for the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals. Thus creating tribes to become more "individualized". -
Art and Architecture
Kirkland Cutter became a well know architect during 1887-1911, designing homes and buildings for wealthy business men.
