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  Copernicus born, 19 February.
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  Columbus discovers New World.
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  Luther starts the Reformation.
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  Publication of On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
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  Death of Copernicus.
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  Council of Trent. Counter-reformation begins.
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  Tycho Brahe born, 14 December.
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  Galileo born, 15 February.
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  Johannes Kepler born, 16 May.
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  Rene Descartes born
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  Giordano Bruno burned at the stake for heresy, was a proponent of Copernicus, among other things.
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  Brahe dies.
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  Kepler publishes Astronomia Nova (contains his first and second laws).
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  Galileo's discoveries with the telescope. The Starry Messenger.
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  Galileo publishes Letters on Sunspots
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