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Period: to
The Age of Enlightenment
...) -
Johannes Kepler discovers first law of planetary motion.
Kepler's first law of planetary motion:
The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci. -
Galileo Galilei develops his first telescope
Galileo Galilei developed his first telescope. He was not the invenor of telescopes, however. -
Thirty Years' Begins
A crowd of Protestants stormed the royal castle in Prague and threw two members of the Catholic government and their secretary out the window. -
Grotius publishes "On the Law of War and Peace
Hugo Grotius publishes his book, "On the Law of War and Peace". -
Pope prosecutes Galileo for promoting sun-centered theory of the solar system.
Pope Urban VIII prosecuted Galileo Galiliei for promoting the theory of the sun being the center of the solar system. -
Thirty Years' War Officially ended
The Peace of Westphalia officially ended The Thirty Years' War. -
English Civil War overthrows Charles I, installs Cromwell
The English Cival War overthrow King Charles I and install Cromwell. -
Hobbes publishes Leviathan
Thomas Hobbes publishes his book, Leviathan. -
Newton publishes Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Sir Issac Newton publishes Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. Latin for "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" -
Glorious Revolution unseats James II, installs William and Mary
The Glorious Revolution overthrows King James II and installs William III of Orange and Mary II of England. -
English Bill of Rights drafted
The Bill of Rights laid out certain basic rights for (at the time) all Englishmen.1. No royal interference with the law.
2. No taxation by Royal Prerogative.
3. Freedom to petition the monarch without fear of retribution4. No standing army may be maintained.
5. No royal interference in the freedom of the people.
6. No royal interference in the election of parliament.
7. The freedom of speech and debates.
8. "grants and promises of fines or forfeitures".
9. no excessive bail. -
Locke publishes Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Two Treatises of Government
John Locke publishes his essay concerning Human understanding and publishes Two Treatises of Government. -
Louis XIV dies; Louis XV takes French throne
King Louis XIV dies. He is succeeded by King Louis XV French throne. -
Handel writes Water Music
George Frideric Handel publishes his music composition, Water Music. -
Hume publishes An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
David Hume publishes An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. -
Montesquieu publishes The Spirit of Laws
Montesque was a political writer. His primary book, "Spirit of the Laws," focused on separation of powers. He believed that no part of government should have too much power over the rest of the state. He also believed that small states should be ruled by republics, medium size states should be ruled by monarchies, and despots should rule large states. -
Diderot publishes first volume of Encyclopédie
Denis Diderot publishes first volume of Encyclopédie. -
Quesnay publishes Tableau Économique
Francois Quesnay publishes Tableau Économique. -
Voltaire publishes Candide
Voltaire publishes the book, Candide. -
Rousseau publishes The Social Contract
Jean-Jacques Rousseau publishes The Social Contract. -
Beccaria publishes On Crimes and Punishments
Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria publishes On Crimes and Punishments. -
Watt invents improved steam engine
James Watt invents improved steam engine. -
Rousseau finishes Confessions
Jean Jacque Rousseau finishes Confessions. -
Goethe publishes The Sorrows of Young Werther
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe publishes The Sorrows of Young Werther. -
American Revolution begins
The American Revolution begins. -
Smith publishes Wealth of Nations
Smith publishes Wealth of Nations -
Paine publishes Common Sense
Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense
Jefferson writes Declaration of Independence -
Kant publishes Critique of Pure Reason
Immanuel Kant publishes Critique of Pure Reason. -
Kant publishes Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals
Immanuel Kant publishes Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. -
Mozart writes Don Giovanni
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart writes Don Giovanni. -
French Revolution begins
The storming of the Bastille officially started the French Revolution. -
De Gouges publishes Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
Olympe de Gouges publishes Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen.
