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Nicolaus Copernicus introduced the idea of the Earth revolving the sun, and further established this concept with a heliocentric model, and it changed the world's understanding of their place in the solar system
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While magnetism was seen throughout early history, William Gilbert was the first to experiment with it, magnetism being important when it comes to creating the electrical energy we use today.
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After hearing about "Danish perspective glass", an early telescope of sorts used to observe maps, Galileo created his own version of the telescope, observing Jupiter's moons and the stars further refined our understanding of the solar system.
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Rather than the original theory that the planets orbit around the sun in perfect circles, Kepler discovered the planets moved as an ellipse, and published what we now know as Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
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Analytical Geometry, developed by Pierre de Fermat and René Descartes, is the representation of curved lines by equations relating two variables. This invention provided a foundation for calculus, which would become an important tool in the development of physics.
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While Aristotle first came up with the idea that color was sent by God and his light, his ideas were replaced when Newton ran a series of experiments using prisms and sunlight, creating breakthroughs in science we've witnessed today.
