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May 1543- Nicholas Copernicus published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Felt the geocentric system of the universe was too complicated
Asserted the heliocentric conception of the universe was more accurate -
Johannes Kepler used mathematical data to arrive at the laws of planetary motion
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1609 -- Galileo Galilei constructs his first telescope and turns it toward the heavens; his instruments begin at magnifications of approximately 3X and 10X, the most powerful achieving a magnification of 30X, an instrument he eventually gave away as a gift
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Galileo Galilei- made observations using the telescope
Discovered mountains on the Moon, four moons revolving around Jupiter, and sun spots
Published The Starry Messenger in 1610 -
Francis Bacon- developed the scientific method
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is an experimental gas law that describes how the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases. A modern statement of Boyle's law is The absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the temperature and amount of gas remain unchanged within a closed system.
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1662 -- René Descartes' Treatise on Man is published posthumously arguing that human anatomy and physiology can be understood by means of mechanical principles.
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1666: The French Academy of Science is founded.
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1677: Anton von Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723), using a microscope, discovers male spermatoza.
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1678: Christian Huygens (1629-1695) proposes the wave theory of light.
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Isaac Newton first published on gravity in "Principia Mathematica," which was released in July, 1687. A section of "Principia Mathematica" called "Discourse concerning Gravity and its Properties," was read to the Royal Society on April 21, 1686, in preparation for the publication of the book
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1687: Isaac Newton (1642-1727) publishes his Principia Mathematica.
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1704 -- Isaac Newton (1642-1727) publishes the first edition of his Opticks, based on work done during his days a Cambridge, including a series of speculations about nature and natural philosophy under enumerated as "Queries".
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1735: Carolus Linnaeus publishes his Systema Naturae, which establishes the science of taxonomy.
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Antoine Lavoisier
Invented a system of naming the chemical elements -
1789: Antoine Lavoisier publishes his treatise on chemistry, laying the foundation for the modern theory of chemical elements.