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1543
Nicolaus Copernicus developed heliocentric theory
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Miguel de Cervantes: Don Quixote
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William Harvey discovered circulation of the blood
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Johannes Kepler discovered planetary motion
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Galileo Galilei used telescope to support heliocentric theory
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Reign of Louis XIV of France
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Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan
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Isaac Newton formulated law of gravity
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Glorious Revolution (William and Mary)
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English Bill of Rights of 1689
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John Locke’s Two Treatises on Government
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Reign of Peter the Great of Russia
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Montesquieu’s The Spirit of Laws
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Johann Sebastian Bach
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s The Social Contract
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American Revolution
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Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence
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Voltaire
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Storming of the Bastille
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
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Reign of Terror
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Congress of Vienna
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Battle of Waterloo: End of Napoleon’s Rule
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Eugène Delacroix: Painted Liberty leading the people
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Unsuccessful revolutions of 1848
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Napoleon becomes Emperor
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Execution of Louis XVI