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In this war, the US takes control over a piece of modern-day California. San Francisco was part of that piece.
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John W Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill, which starts the California gold rush. This changes San Francisco from a small settlement to a boomtown.
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The Mexican-American War ended with the signing of the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty. The treaty had San Francisco cede from Mexico to the United States, incuding a lot of other land.
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In 1906, two tectonis plates under the Earth's surface crashed together, forming one of the largest and most deadly earthquakes ever known to mankind. It created a massive fire, and together, the earthquake and fire destroyed 3/4 of the city.
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Construction on the famous Golden Gate bridge began on January 5, 1933.
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On August 11, 1934, the infamous Al Capone was sent to Alcatraz for almost 30 years.
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On June 26, 1945, The United Nations World Charter of Security was signed in San Francisco.
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On April 12, 1981, the first space shuttle lifted off from Kennedy Space Center