Rise of Totalitarianism 1920's & 30's

Bolshevik Takeover

Oct 17, 1917

During the Russian revolution, the current government was removed and taken over by Bolshevik (Communist) government.

Russian Civil War Begins

Oct 25, 1917

The Russian Civil War was fought between the Bolshevik Red Army and the White Army, the loosely allied anti-Bolshevik forces. The civil war started because after November 1917, many groups had formed opposing Lenin’s Bolsheviks.

Creationof Fascist Party

Mar 23, 1919

Mussolini founded the Fascist Party. He put together 100 delegates to a conference in Milan and established the Fascist Party. The Fascist Party was violently anti-Socialist, pro-nationalist, and its members wore black shirts.

Hitler Joins NSDAP

Apr 16, 1920

Hitler joined the Nazi Party in 1920. It was formly ran by Anton Drexler, when it was called "The German Workers Party". Then Hitler joined and soon became leader. He gave speeches that made people blame others for Germany’s problems:

NEP

Mar 21, 1921

the NEP was an economic policy started by Lenin, who called it state capitalism. This replaced the policies of Communism but with a large toll in the Civil War. It allows small businesses to be open while the state continued to control banks, foreign trade, and large industries.

March on Rome

Oct 22, 1922

This March on Rome was a march by for Italian dictator Mussolini's National Fascist Party when they came to power in the Italy.

Beer Hall "Putsch"

Oct 8, 1923

The Beer Hall Putsch was an unsuccessful attempt at revolution, when Nazi Party lead by Adolf Hitler tried to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, Germany.

Lenin's Death

Jan 21, 1924

On January 21, 1924 Lenin died, having complications from three strokes that progressively did not help him.

Hitler Writes Mein Kampf

May 17, 1925

Mein Kampf, which in English means My Struggle or My Battle is a book written by Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. It includes an autobiography with an exposition of Hitler's political ideology. There are two volumes.

Creation of 5 Year Plans

May 16, 1928

This plan was created by Stalin to improve the Soviet Union's economy. The main points of the Five Year Plan focused on making the nation militarily, industrially, and financially self-sufficient

Collectivization of Agriculture

May 16, 1928

This Collectivization of Agriculture took plae in the Soviet Union was enforced under Stalin. His goal of the policy was to strengthen individual land and labour into collective farms.

Invasion of Manchuria

Sep 19, 1931

Manchuria was invaded by the Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan.The Japanese established a state, called Manchukuo, and their occupation lasted until the end of World War II.

Nazi Wins Majority in Election

Mar 13, 1932

The Nazis wone over all other parties.

Hitler Becomes Chancellor

May 17, 1933

With the government unstable with Nazis and Communists, politicians decided for Hitler to become chancellor. Like Mussolini in Italy, he became head of state through legal means.

Invasion of Ethiopia

Oct 16, 1935

Mussolini, who was the leader of Italy, wanted to annex Ethiopia into Italy’s newly created colony of East Africa. The Italian military was successful in occupying Ethiopia.

Re-Militarizes Rhineland

Mar 7, 1936

This took place when German military forces entered the Rhineland. When they did this, it violated the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and was the first time since the end of World War I that German troops had been in this region.

Creation of Berlin- Rome- Tokyo Axis

May 16, 1936

German, ITaly, and JApan formed what became known as the Rome- Berlin- Tokyo Axis. They all agreed to fight Soviet communism and also agreed not to interfered with each other's plans for expansion.

"Great Purges"

Jun 16, 1937

This was a series of campaigns of political prevention and murder in the Soviet Union ran by Joseph Stalin from. It had a large amount of purge of the Communist Party and government officials, repression of peasants, Red Army leadership, and the persecution of unidenified people.

Rape of Nanjing

Dec 13, 1937

This was a mass murder, and war rape that took place during the Japanese capture of the city of Nanjing.

Anschluss

Mar 12, 1938

This was when Austria was annexed into the German Third Reich. (Nazi Germany)

Capture of Sudentenland

May 17, 1938

The Nazi annexation of Czechoslovakia's northern and western border regions, became known as the Sudetenland,

Munich Conference

Sep 30, 1938

This was an agreement permitting the Nazi German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland. This was taken place at a conference held in Munich, Germany,

Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact

Aug 23, 1939

This pact said that the two countries, Germany and the Soviet Union, would not attack each other. If there were ever a problem between the two countries, it was to be handled amicably.