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Period: 1096 to 1291
The Crusades
The Crusades were religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups. -
1097
crusades
the Crusaders and their Byzantine allies attacked Nicea (now Iznik, Turkey), the Seljuk capital in Anatolia. The city surrendered in late June. -
1099
fall of Jerusalem
Encamping before Jerusalem in June 1099, the Christians forced the besieged city’s governor to surrender by mid-July. -
1187
The Third crusade
Saladin began a major campaign against the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. His troops virtually destroyed the Christian army at the battle of Hattin, taking back the important city along with a large amount of territory -
Period: 1347 to 1353
The Black Death
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Western Eurasia and North Africa from 1346 to 1353. It is the most fatal pandemic recorded in human history. -
1348
Europe massacre
A rough estimate of deaths, 25 million people in Europe died from plague during the time. The population of western Europe did not again reach its pre-1348 level until the beginning of the 16th century. -
1349
black death massacre
One of the worst massacres of Jews during the Black Death takes place on Valentine’s Day in Strasbourg, with 2,000 Jewish people burned alive. -
1351
black death leaves half of Europe dead
The plague’s spread significantly begins to peter out, possibly thanks to quarantine efforts, after causing the deaths of anywhere between 25 to 50 million people, and leading to the massacres of 210 Jewish communities. -
Period: 1400 to 1495
Early Renaissance
the Early Renaissance is the time from 1400 to 1500 in European, painting, sculpture, and architecture, when naturalistic styles and humanist theories were evolved from the study of classical sources, notably by Donatello, Masaccio, and Alberti. -
1420
catholics
1420s, the Papacy of the Catholic Church united and returned to Rome, to begin the vast art and architectural spending there. This custom saw major rebuilding when Pope Nicholas V was appointed in 1447. -
1452
Leonardo da vinci
In 1452, the artist, humanist, scientist, and naturalist Leonardo da Vinci was born. -
1455
Gutenbergs Bible
The Gutenberg Bible was the earliest major book printed using mass-produced movable metal type in Europe. -
Period: 1490 to 1530
Late renaissance
In the late renaissance mannerism emerged. -
Period: 1490 to 1527
High renaissance
The High renaissance was is Rome when stylistically, painters during this period were influenced by classical art, and their works were harmonious. -
1492
Columbus sails to the Americas
Columbus set sail from Spain in three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria to America. -
1497
Vasco de Gama sails around Africa
Vasco da Gama was the first to sail from Europe to India by rounding Africa's Cape of Good Hope. Da Gama landed and traded in locales along the coast of southern Africa before reaching India. -
1503
Da Vinci paints Mona Lisa
Leonardo da Vinci started painting the Mona Lisa in 1503 in the Italian city, but in 1516 he was invited by King François I to work in France, and scholars think he finished the painting there. -
1509
Erasums
Humanist author Erasmus writes Praise of Folly. -
Period: 1543 to
science revolution
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature. -
Period: 1571 to 1555
The Reformation
The Reformation was the start of Protestantism and the split of the Western Church into Protestantism and what is now the Roman Catholic Church. -
Galileo builds enhanced refracting telescope
Galileo discovered the Galilean satellites of Jupiter in with a refracting telescope.