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Frederick William III was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. He ruled Prussia during the Napoleonic Wars and the end of the Holy Roman Empire. He united the Prussian Churches
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after the death of his brother alexander he assumed the throne which was met with much protest. Nicholas stood on the conservitive right side of the political spectrum
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Tsar of russia from 1801 to 1825. after defeat of napoleans army in 1819 he became one of the most powerfull leaders in europe
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The Congress of Vienna restored Louis XVII to power, and he ruled as a constitutional monarch until his death in 1824.
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The Peterloo Massacre took place at St Peter's Field, Manchester, England. Cavalry charged into a crowd of people who had gathered
in protest to demand the reform of parliamentary representation. -
Younger brother of Louis XVIII who assumed the throne following his death. He was a strong believer in absolutism, and he restricted many of of the people
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An armed protest in 1825 against the assumption of the throne by tsar nicolas
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A successful 1830 revolution in France to overthrow king Charles X
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Cultural, and social differences lead to the Belgian Declaration of independence against dutch rule in 1830. The Great Powers (England, Russia, Austria, Prussia) later recognized independence of Belgium
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armed uprising of the russian republic by the polish influenced by romanticism ideals
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the reform act was created in response to criticism of the people. it slightly expanded electorate and reduced rotten boroughs.
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The new law stated that no able-bodied person was to receive money or other help from the Poor Law authorities except in a workhouse, and conditions in workhouses were to be made very harsh to discourage people from wanting to receive help
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Ferdinand I ruled Austria from 1835 until his abduction in 1848. throughout his reign he was considered unfit for ruling
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A liberal ruler who assumed control in Prussia in 1840. he was a patron of the arts, and against german unification
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The corn laws restricted foreign grain trade.They were repealed in 1846 leading Britain to free trade
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also known as the March revolts these widespread European revolts promoted liberal ideology, and pan-germanism
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charles albert attacked the austrians in 1848 to begin the first war of italian independance
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unsuccessful attempt to unify Germany
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francis joseph was emporor of austria from 1848 to 1916 he was the successor to ferdinand, and was the fith logest reining emporor in history
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the first ever french presidential election on December 10th of 1848 saw Louis Napoleon as victor with a 74% majority vote.
