-
Madel and Higa were responsiblr for the first transformation of the beacterium escherichia coli
-
Cloning experiments were conducted Boyer and Cohen.
-
Genentech, the world's first genetic engineering company. was founded
-
140 scientist met up to draw up guidelines for work with recombinant DNA in micoorganisms. Paul Berg was a key organizer.
-
boyer inserted stnthetic insulin gene into E.coli
-
Botstein found out that one could be identifeid by the pattern made of one's DNA thorough a digest by different enzymes. This DNA fingerprint was called Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.
-
Louise Joy Brown was born, the first human baby resulting from in vitro fertilixation, in which sperm and egg are joined in a petri dish. The fertilized egg is later implanted in a womb.
-
The U.S.. Supreme Court ruked that genetically altered life forms can be patented. This resulted in a huge startup of biotech companies.
-
Ohio Univeristy scientist made the first transgenic animals.
-
Eli Lilly Company placed a human insulin gene inside bacteria.
-
Schell, Chilton, Can Montagu, Fraley, and Horsxh transformed with Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer.
-
Jeffries applied RFLP and DNA profling to the study of criminal cases.
-
NIH revised safety guideline for recombinant DNA to include plants grown in greenhouses and animals raised in barns.
-
Andrew Fire and Craig Mello discovered RNA intefereence silencing of genes, in the worms C.elegans.
-
Kohler, Milstein, and Jerne used monoclonal antibody (MAb) technology.
-
Maynard Olson and colleagues at Washington Univeristy invented "Yeast artificial chromosomes," or YACS, which are expressions vectors for large proteins.
-
Ian Wilmut cloned Dolly the sheep from an adult cell of a ewe at the Roslin Institute in Scotland.
-
Ron Breaker coined the term riboswitch for a part of an mRNA molecule that can regukate its own activity and therefore gene expression.
-
Announcement was made of the completion of the Human Genome Project (initiated in 1990) by Francis Collins and Craig Venter. The project provided the ability to find genes and gave rise to the sequencing of other genomes
