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The new party, constitutional union party, was made in the beginning of 1860 and was made of up former Whigs. Their view was to avoid the secession of southern states.
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Civil War Timeline
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Before Lincoln ran for president, he was a lawyer. In New York, he gave a speech about him being against slavery. Later on, he will become the frontrunner for the presidency.
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In Charleston, South Carolina, the 1860 Democratic National Convention was held. During this convention, they were trying to decide their candidate for the presidency and the vice president.
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There were four candidates running for president in 1860. Abraham Lincoln (Republican Party), John C. Breckinridge (Southern Democrat), Stephen A. Douglas (Northern Democrat), and John Bell (Constitutional Union).
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The riot known as the Wide Awake Riot was a riot caused by a group of political teenagers who were against the Republicans in Illinois. Wide Awakes, the group of political teenagers, were present at a rally, and a disturbance between the two groups occurred.
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Abraham Lincoln was the candidate of the Republican party and was against slavery. Lincoln had the majority of the electoral votes, a total of 180, and was president from 1861-1865.
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After the election, some southerners in Congress decided to resign for their seats in Congress. Senator James Chestnut Jr. resigns from his seat in Senate and was from South Carolina.
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After the election, some southerners in Congress decided to resign for their seats in Congress. Senator James Chestnut Jr. resigns from his seat in Senate and was from South Carolina.
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The Crittenden Compromise was made up of six proposed constitutional amendments and four proposed Congressional resolutions. Senator John J. Crittenden thought this would make the southern states not secede from the Union.
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South Carolina left the United States and then becomes the first state to leave.
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Mississippi left the United States and then becomes the second state to leave.
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Florida left the United States and then becomes the third state to leave.
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Alabama left the United States and then becomes the fourth state to leave.
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Georgia left the United States and then becomes the fifth state to leave.
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Louisiana left the United States and then becomes the sixth state to leave.
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Texas left the United States and then becomes the seventh state to leave.
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The Confederate States of America is formed with Jefferson Davis, a West Point graduate and former U.S. Army officer, as president.
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Abraham Lincoln is officially sworn in as the sixteenth President of the United Stated of America. He would serve one full term.
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Confederate forces under General P.G.T. Beauregard attack Major Robert Anderson and his Union soldiers at Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. Then the Civil War officially begins.
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Major Robert Anderson surrenders Fort Sumter to Confederate forces after two days of attack.
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President Lincoln issues a Proclamation calling for 75,000 militiamen, and summoning a special session of Congress for July 4.
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Virginia secedes from the Union, followed within five weeks by Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina, thus forming an eleven state Confederacy with a population of 9 million, including nearly 4 million slaves.
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President Lincoln issues a Proclamation of Blockade against Southern ports. For the duration of the war the blockade limits the ability of the rural South to stay well supplied in its war against the industrialized North.
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Arkansas and North Carolina both leave the Union in May of 1861. Arkansas secedes on May 6, 1861, and North Carolina secedes on May 20, 1861. These two states are the ninth and tenth states to leave the Union and left after the Civil War began.
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Lincoln addresses Congress and requests the enlistment of a Union Army. Congress authorizes a call for 500,000 men. It is clear now that the war will not be short.
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Thomas J. Jackson earns the nickname "Stonewall," as his brigade resists Union attacks. Union troops fall back to Washington. President Lincoln realizes the war will be long.
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President Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan as Commander of the Department of the Potomac, replacing McDowell.
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President Lincoln revokes Gen. John C. Frémont's unauthorized military proclamation of emancipation in Missouri.
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President Lincoln issues General War Order No. 1 calling for all United States naval and land forces to begin a general advance by February 22, George Washington's birthday.
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Ulysses S. Grant invaded Tennessee in February of 1862 of took control of two of the Confederacy Forts. The two forts were Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. Both were located on the Cumberland River.
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Victory for Gen. Ulysses S. Grant in Tennessee, capturing Fort Henry, and ten days later Fort Donelson.
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President Lincoln is struck with grief as his beloved eleven-year-old son, Willie, dies from fever, probably caused by polluted drinking water in the White House.
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The Confederate Ironclad 'Merrimac' sinks two wooden Union ships then battles the Union Ironclad 'Monitor' to a draw.
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The Monitor was a ship designed by John Ericsson for the Union army. This ironclad showed up, and wouldn’t stop fighting until the Confederates backed off. This battle ended in a draw.
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Confederate surprise attack on Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's unprepared troops at Shiloh on the Tennessee River results in a bitter struggle with 13,000 Union killed and wounded and 10,000 Confederates, more men than in all previous American wars combined.
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17 Union ships under the command of Flag Officer David Farragut move up the Mississippi River then take New Orleans, the South's greatest seaport.
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The Battle of Seven Pines as Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's Army attacks McClellan's troops in front of Richmond and nearly defeats them. But Johnston is badly wounded.
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Gen. Robert E. Lee assumes command, replacing the wounded Johnston. Lee then renames his force the Army of Northern Virginia. McClellan is not impressed, saying Lee is "likely to be timid and irresolute in action.:
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After four months as his own general-in-chief, President Lincoln hands over the task to Gen. Henry W. Halleck.
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The Seven Days Battles as Lee attacks McClellan near Richmond, resulting in very heavy losses for both armies. McClellan then begins a withdrawal b
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Farragut was the first naval rear admiral for the United States. He was very old.
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Abraham Lincoln thought of a plan, that freed all of the slaves that were in the South. On July 22, he proposed this idea to his cabinet.
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This will be the second battle of Bull Run. The Confederate army had a victory at Bull Run and was a moral boost for the Confederacy army.
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The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War. The Confederate army was undersupplied and had fewer people than the Union army, but McClellan still lets them retreat from the battle. Abraham Lincoln decided to fire McClellan for having the “slows”.
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Lee invades the North with 50,000 Confederates and heads for Harpers Ferry, located 50 miles northwest of Washington.
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The bloodiest day in U.S. military history as Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Armies are stopped at Antietam in Maryland by McClellan and numerically superior Union forces. By nightfall 26,000 men are dead, wounded, or missing. Lee then withdraws to Virginia.
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Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation freeing slaves issued by President Lincoln.
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The president replaces McClellan with Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside as the new Commander of the Army of the Potomac. Lincoln had grown impatient with McClellan's slowness to follow up on the success at Antietam
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Army of the Potomac under Gen. Burnside suffers a costly defeat at Fredericksburg in Virginia with a loss of 12,653 men after 14 frontal assaults on well entrenched Rebels on Marye's Heights.
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President Lincoln issues the final Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in territories held by Confederates and emphasizes the enlisting of black soldiers in the Union Army. The war to preserve the Union now becomes a revolutionary struggle for the abolition of slavery.
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The president appoints Gen. Joseph (Fighting Joe) Hooker as Commander of the Army of the Potomac, replacing Burnside.
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Gen. Grant is placed in command of the Army of the West, with orders to capture Vicksburg.
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The U.S. Congress enacts a draft, affecting male citizens aged 20 to 45, but also exempts those who pay $300 or provide a substitute.
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The Union Army under Gen. Hooker is decisively defeated by Lee's much smaller forces at the Battle of Chancellorsville in Virginia as a result of Lee's brilliant and daring tactics. Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson is mortally wounded by his own soldiers. Hooker retreats. Union losses are 17,000 killed, wounded and missing out of 130,000. The Confederates, 13, 000 out of 60,000.
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Congress passed a law that started drafts for the Union army. This made any people in the draft, have to serve.
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The South suffers a huge blow as Stonewall Jackson dies from his wounds, his last words, "Let us cross over the river and rest under the shade of the trees."
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The western part of Virginia did not agree with the viewpoint on the issue of the Civil War. In 1863, these counties of western Virginia broke off and created West Virginia.
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On a farm in Pennsylvania, John Buford, the leader of the Union troops, meets with A.P. Hill, the leader of the Confederate troops. Both sides are going to need reinforcements throughout the battle.
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On the second day, the Confederate troops try to take control of the high grounds. The professor from Maine, Chamberlain, kept the rebels from taking control of the high grounds.
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This was the last day of the Battle of Gettysburg. This was considered a Union victory, but both sides had a major loss of life. Because of the terrible outcome, Lee tries to resign but is denied.
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From July 13 to July 16, there were riots happening because of the conscriptions. These riots were taken place in the streets of New York.
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President Abraham Lincoln dedicated a cemetery for the Battle of Gettysburg. At this cemetery, Abraham Lincoln gave a speech for the fallen soldiers, both Union and Confederate soldiers, called the Gettysburg Address.
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In Andersonville, Georgia, a Confederate prisoner of war camp opened up called Camp Sumter. This is the worst POW during the Civil War.
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Ulysses S. Grant was appointed the new commander of the Union army by President Lincoln. Before Grant was the commander, McClellan was the commander but was fired.
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In Tennessee, the Confederate troops captured 200 African Americans. These troops murdered all 200 African Americans and were considered a massacre.
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The Battle of Cold Harbor took place in Virginia. This will be the last victory for Robert E. Lee during the Civil War.
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Congress pass a law that both black and white soldiers will get paid the same.
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This battle was a win for the Union. It was led by Rear Admiral Farragut.
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Union General William T. Sherman captured Atlanta on September 2. He also burned it down.
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The medal of honor is the highest medal that someone in the military can receive. In the fall of 1864, black soldiers received the Medal of Honor.
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Maryland was a part of the Union during the Civil War. In 1864, Maryland finally abolishes slavery.
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The Battle of Nashville was a Union victory. It ended on December 16 after 4400 casualties.
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January of 1865, the United States Congress passed the amendment that abolished slavery.
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The capital of the Confederacy was Richmond, Virginia. Jefferson Davis fled the capital, and burned it, so the Union could not capture it.
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Abraham Lincoln was elected for his 2nd term as president in November of 1864. In March of 1865, he was inaugurated into office.
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Lee and Grant meet at Appomattox Court House to discuss the terms of surrender. The terms made were generous to the South, and fighting had to stop within a month.
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Five days after Lee’s surrender, Abraham Lincoln was shot at Ford’s Theater. John W. Booth was the person who shot Lincoln in the head. Lincoln died the next day.
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President Andrew Johnson put out a hunt to find Jefferson Davis, the former president of the CSA. He said that if they found Davis they would get a reward of 100,000 dollars.
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Jefferson Davis was found on May 10, 1865. He was captured by the Union armies in Irwinville, Georgia.
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The Confederacy’s Vice President was Alexander H. Stephens. President Johnson released for a little bit of time.
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The 13th Amendment was the first amendment to be ratified in the result of the Civil War. This amendment abolished slavery in every state.
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Congress passed a law, that African Americans can vote in Washington D.C. President Johnson tried to veto it, but the Congress rejected it.
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Congress created a bill that talks about civil rights. Later on, it becomes the 14th Amendment.
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Congress rejects the president veto on the bill. So rejecting the veto gave everyone equal rights.
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After civil rights being enforced, many people form a group that helps promote equality for everyone.
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Congress passed the 14th Amendment, which gives people equal rights. It will later be ratified in 1868.
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Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and joining the Confederacy. In 1866, Tennessee was the first state readmitted to the Union.
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Because of his leadership during the Civil War, he was honored as 1st General of the US Army.
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Because of his leadership in the Civil War, he was honored as 1st admiral to the US Navy.
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President Andrew Johnson formally declares the Civil War is over.
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Frederick Douglass was an abolitionist. He was the 1st African American delegate to attend a national convention.
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This was the first convention of the Grand Army Republic. It was to thank veterans that served in the Civil War.
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Congress passed a law, that African Americans can vote in Washington D.C. President Johnson tried to veto it, but the Congress rejected it.
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Congress passed the first Reconstruction Act, that was vetoed by Johnson. This gave suffrage for freedmen and military administration in the south.
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Congress passed the second Reconstruction Act against Johnson’s veto. This helped support the first reconstruction act.
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Congress approves the building of the Lincoln Memorial that is in Washington D.C.
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Demonstrations by African Americans stage a ride-in on streetcars in Richmond, Virginia.
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Reconstruction starts in the south. Also, the start of black voting registration.
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Congress passed the Third Reconstruction Act, even though Johnson vetoed this act. This helped support the first and second reconstruction act.
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African Americans are able for the first time in a national state election. The election took place in Tennessee.
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The first all-black university is created by Congress. It’s called the Howard University.
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Congress commissions start to look at Andrew Johnson and decide if he possibly should be impeached.
