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Infancy
A stage from birth to two years old.
Definition: A period from birth to the age of 2 years dramatic gains continue in height and weight.
Gross motor development is the baby's progress in coordinating major muscle groups. The skills are almost always in known stages (rolling, sitting, crawling, etc.) Infants' perceptual preferences are influenced by age. -
Infancy
Attachment is something very important in infants and children.
Developmental Tasks Include:
- Sitting up -Attachment to parents
-Crawling - Making sounds
-Walking
Piaget: Sensorimotor- learning coordination sensation and perception with motor activities.
Object Permanence: Is the understanding that objects exist even when they cannot be seen or touched. -
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Childhood
Age 2-10
By the ages of 5-7 children begin to value themselves on their physical appearance. Self-esteem- is the value or worth that people attach to themselves. Children gain incompetence as they grow older. Piaget's theory of cognitive development was that humans organize new information through assimilation (categories that already exist) or accommodation. He theorized that children think in a sequence of stages and those stages are the same for everyone. Tasks- Cognitive, social, emotional -
Childhood
Kohlberg believed that the stages of moral development always followed a specific sequence. Children advance at different rates and not everyone reaches the highest stage. There were three levels pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. -
Childhood
The Sensorimotor stage in children was the first stage of cognitive development. Learning coordination and sensation. Piaget also said children use object permanence which is objects can be seen even if they don't exist. The next three stages were preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The criticism of this was many people questioned his accuracy and believed he underestimated children. However, his theories are still respected today.
Other tasks: gross and motor skills. -
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Adolescence
Ages from 11-21.
There are three different stages of adolescence.
Early adolescence (11-14
Middle adolescence (15-18)
Late adolescence (18-21) The changes that take place during this time are greater than any other time of life. Adolescents begin growth sputs at different times and rates. The growth spurt usually lasts 2-3 years. Mist adolescence grows 8-12 inches in height. Girls hit this spurt before boys. They also go through sexual development. This leads the body to be able to reproduce. -
Adolescence
Development tasks- social, sexual, identity.
Because of the hormonal changes, there can be an effect on activity levels mood swings, and aggressive tendencies. Many adolescences have relationships with their peers and they become more of an influence. During this time adolescence start dating and having relationships. Some challenges adolescence face are eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. They can also turn to substance abuse and crime. -
Adolescence-Piaget Theory
Piaget: The Concrete Operational Stage (7-12) Includes signs of adult thinking about specific objects but not abstracts ideas. Reduced egocentrism. The other stage during adolescence is the formal operational stache (12+). During this stage, you are capable of abstract thinking and you are able to deal with hypothetical situations, strategize, and plan ahead to solve problems. Realize you may be able to control the outcome of the situation -
Adolescence- Kohlberg's Theory
Kohlberg's theory of development during adolescence was conventional and post-conventional level. The conventional level is from (9-16). It is seeking and maintaining the approval of others rising the conventional standards of right and wrong. As well as the moral judgments based on maintaining social order and high regard for authority. The Post-Conventional stage (16+) included obedience to accepted laws, judgment based on personal values. The morality of individual conscience. -
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Young Adult
Age range 20-40 Most people reach their physical peak in their 20s and early 30s. In their 20s people often believe that they have chosen the course in life that's right for them. Women especially begin reassessing their life in their 30s. During this time many people begin to "plant their roots". Those who choose to get choose a spouse and get married. During this time people could get divorced.
Develomental tasks: Reassessment, choosing a spouse, and settling down -
Young Adult
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Middle Adulthood
This lifespan is from 40 to 65 years old. At around 40-45 people go through midlife transition. This is where people have a perspective change and realize they have lived half of their lives. A midlife crisis is something that a midlife transitions and is seen as a negative thing. The key to this is for them to decide what they will do with the rest of their lives. Middlescence is used to describe a period of searching that resembles adolescence. -
Middle Adulthood
Development- Middlescence, Empty Nest Syndrome, Menopause
During this time many adults begin to feel empty nest syndrome. This is where the feeling of emptiness and loss of parents sometimes feel after their children have left home. Some feel hopeless and drained. While others feel peace of mind and greater personal stability. Women experience menopause which is the end of menstruation. After menopause women no longer can produce egg cells that can be fertilized. -
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Late Adulthood
Lasts from 65 to death.
Your cognitive development is affected by aging. They can have a lapse in memories. Senile dementia is a serious loss of cognitive functioning and only happens after the age of 65. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive form of mental deterioration. During this time people often retire. If they are grandparents tend to have a more relaxed relationship with their grandchild. Some late adults got to live in retirement homes or a place for medical care they may need to have. -
Late Adulthood
There are 4 different stages of dying which include denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Many late adults have a Will. Dying people want security, self-confidence, and dignity. A funeral is a traditional way for people to acknowledge someone has died. They are used to say goodbye. It also gives the members of the family a way to celebrate the life of the loved one.