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Post-Romanticism
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Impressionism
Defined by the abandonment of traditional rules of style and musical elements. Pentatonic scales, whole tones, and other exotic scales were used; free rhythm, parallel chords, unresolved dissonances, and vagueness were emphasized throughout music. Famous composers during this time include Claude Debussy (1862-1918), who composed the first modern orchestral work, and Maurice Ravel (1876-1937), who wrote the first Impressionist piano piece. This was mostly French and anti-Germanic. -
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Maximalism
Defined by large performance groups, chromaticism, strong themes and motives, and textures. The main composers during this time were Gustav Mahler (1860-1911), who made expansions to symphonies and Lieder, and Richard Strauss (1864-1949), who wrote famous tone poems and operas. This was mostly in German speaking areas. -
Spanish-American War
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Expressionism
Defined by atonality and "equal chord rules." Famous composers during this period included Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951) who created a 12-tone technique practice, Alban Berg (1885-1935) who created a new form of singing with Schoenberg called Sprechstimme and was one of his students, and Anton Webern (1883-1945) who was also one of Schoenberg's students. -
The Titanic Sinks
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Jazz Style
String instruments were no longer dominant and the jazz style began. -
World War I Ends
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The Great Depression Begins