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Gustav Mahler (Maximalism)
Austrian composer; some orchestral works can represent maximalism; large 10 programmatic symphonies, orchestral Lieder; conductor in Europe and the USA -
Issac Albeniz (Impressionism)
Spanish composer and pianist; very important to Spain -
Claude Debussy (Impressionism)
French composer and pianist; inventor of musical impressionism; influential modern composers -
Pietro Mascagni (Impressionism)
Italian composer and conductor; he became the official composer of the Fascist regime in the 1930's -
Richard Strauss (Maximalism)
Composer of tone poems and some of the first modern operas; accomplished conductor; works epitomized maximalism -
Maurice Ravel (Impressionism)
French composer; extremely versatile; innovator in pianistic style; expert orchestrator -
Erik Satie (Impressionism)
Not an impressionist, but a leader in new French aesthetics on which impressionism was built; incredible innovator -
Arnold Schoenberg (Expressionism)
The father of 12-tone music; important as an innovator; teacher of Webern and Berg -
Ottorino Respighi (Impressionism)
Italian composer; used impressionism -
Anton von Webern (Expressionism)
Student of Schoenberg; known for his musical brevity and clarity of texture; uses pointillism; wrote no operas -
Alban Berg (Expressionism)
Student of Schoenberg; expressive language; often atonal -
Nadia Boulanger (Impressionism)
Important teacher of composers in the 20th century; most prominent American composers of the first half of the century studied with her; conductor and composer -
Maximalism
Elements are pushed to the extreme; expansion of forms, genres, and sizes of traditional musical entities; thick with motives and themes; often used an orchestra, a virtuosic unit; -
Impressionism
First introduced by Claude Debussy; all chords were equal, no chord progressions; melody was more important; vague quality of each musical element; all textures were used for color and atmosphere; quiet, dreamy like; Louds where short lived -
Expressionism
Most rebellious; melodies were optional; elements of rhythm, form, and timbre were traditional; Atonality -
Period: to
Post-Romanticism
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Lili Boulanger (Impressionism)
French composer; first woman to win the Prix de Rome, 1913; sister of Nadia