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Colonies established what was known as The Night Watch. It was comprised of colonizers who volunteered to guard the area of their villages from possible attacks at night. The primary duty besides this was to simply warn others of danger during the night. The first place to establish a Night Watch was Boston.
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A run away black "servant" named John Punch was sentenced to serve his master for the time of his natural life.
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New Amsterdam (New York) ended up founding their own Night Watch after following the example and influence from Boston.
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The Night Watch wasn't very efficient in doing its intended job as most people tended to get drunk or sleep on the job. Although it was eventually disbanded because of this, it's still noteworthy to know that Philadelphia established a Night Watch of their own in this year.
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The colony of Carolina took a different approach to policing. During this time in America slavery was on the rise as Africans were being kidnapped and transported at an alarming rate. This would lead to slavery becoming the "business" in order to create mass profits for those who owned them. The Slave Patrol was established in the Carolina colony to stop slaves who attempted to flee from from the abuse of their masters.
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Virginia begins to create and enforce slave codes. The purpose was to acknowledge and distinguish the difference between slaves and servants. The Virginia Assembly enacted that all servants who are imported into the country who aren't Christian in their home countries were to be considered slaves.
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A London magistrate called Henry Fielding formed the Bow Street Runners to catch criminals.
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Virginia passed a law defining the distinction between a slave and a servant. This relegated all slaves to the status of property.
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Slaves in Massachusetts attempted to petition the government for their freedom, they weren't successful.
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This first act was put into place by Congress in 1793 and essentially authorized local governments to capture and return escapees to their owners. The act also said that anyone who aids them must be penalized.