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Jamestown
Jamestown was founded as "James Fort", it was the first permanent English settlement in what is now the U.S.A. It was founded by the London Company headquartered in England. Withim a year of Jamestown's foundation, the Virginia Company brought Polish and Dutch colonists to helpimprove the settlement. -
First Africans Brought to Virginia
The first African slaves were brought to Jamestown by Dutch traders, marking the beginning of slavery in the future U.S. After a ship arrived, unsolicited, carrying a cargo of about 20 Africans a form of unfree labor began. Most slaves were black and were held by whites,although some Mative Americans and free blacks also held slaves . -
Salem Witch Trials
The series of hearings before county court trials to prosecute people accused of witchcraft in Massachusetts.Many poeple were arrested and imprisoned, and many accused but not formally pursued by the authorities. The four sessions of the Superior Court of Judicature in 1693, held in Salem Village, produced only three convictions in the many witch trials it conducted. The episode is one of the most famous cases of mass hysteria. -
The French and Indian War
The war was prevoked by French when they began to build forts on the Ohio River. The wars effect was higher tarrifs on the colonists. The war erupted into the world-wide conflict known as the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France in North America from 1753 to 1763. -
Proclamation of 1763
British governement issued the Proclamation which did not allow the colonists to move westward of the Appalachian Mountains. Issued by King George III following acquisition of French Territory in North America after the end of the Seven Years' War. The prpose of ot was to organize Great Britain's North American empire and stabalize relations with Natives through reulation of trade, settlement, and land purchase on the western frontier. -
Stamp Act
After the French and Indian War the Stamp Act was an effort to raise funds to support British military in colonies and required revenue stamps on printed paper. It was a direct tax by the British Parliament. The British government felt that the colonies were the primary beneficiaries of this military presence, and should pay a portion of the expense. -
Declaratory Act
Parliament voted to repeal Stamp Act and also enacted the Declaratory Act which gave Parliament the right to tax and make laws for the colonies. The government repealed the Stamp Act because boycotts were hurting British trade and used the declaration to justify the repeal. -
Townshend Acts
Parliament enacted new duties to be collected on colonial imports of tea, glass,and paper. The series of laws passed beginning in1767 by the Parliament of Great Britain relating to the British colonies in North America. The acts are named after Charles Townshend who proposed the program. -
First Continental Congress
As an effect of the Intolerable Acts all the colonies exept Georgia to send delegates to a convention in Philadelphia to determine how the colonists should react to what posed a threat to their rights and liberties. The Intolerable Acts had punished the Boston for the Boston Tea Party. The Congress was attended by 56 member appointed by the legislatures of twelve of the Thirteen Colonies. -
Lexington and Concord
General Thomas Gage commander of British troops were defeted in Concord at the beginnig of the Revolutionary War. The battles marked the outbreak of open armed conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and its 13 colonies in the mainland of British North America. The first shots were fired just as the sun was rising at Lexington. -
Second Continental Congress
Divided by a group of delegates who believed they should declare independence and those who hoped the conflict would be resolved by negotiating with Great Britain.The convention of delegates met soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary Warthad begun. The second Congress managed the colonial war effort, and moved incrementally towards indepence and adopted the Declaration of Independence. -
Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson that listed grievances against King George III. Anounced that the 13 colonies at war with Great Britain were independant states. The Declaration also asserted certain natural right including a right of revolution and stated that all men are created equal and that among the unalienable right are Life,Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. -
Peace of Paris
Great Britain aquired French Canada and Spanish Florida. The British took further control of North America. The Treaty of Paris was ratified by the Congress of the Confederation and by the King Of Great Britain which formally ended the American Revolutionary War. -
Shays' Rebellion
Led by Daniel Shay an uprising against high taxes , imprisonment for debt , and lack of paper money. A militia that had been raised as a provate army defeated an attack on the federal Springfield Armory by the main Shaysite force. Shays' Rebellion produced fear that the Revolution's democrtic impulse had gotten out of hand. -
Bill of Rights
The people's right listed on the Constitution, the first ten amendments.Introduced by James Madison to the 1st U.S Congress as a series of legislative articles and came into effect as Constitutional Amendments. The Bill of Rights is a series of limitations on the power of federal U.S government. -
Washingtons Proclamation of Neutrality
Washington beleived that the young nation was not strong enough to engage in European War. He declared the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain. lIt threatened legal proceedings any American providing assistance to warring countries. -
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
These Resolutions declared that the states had entered into a "compact" in forming the natural government if any act of federal government broke the compact. The Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. Resolutions argued that the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional any acts congress that were not authorized by the Constitution. -
Louisiana Purchase
Aquisition by the United States of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana. The purchase doubled the size of the United States. The purchase faced domestic opposition as being possibly unconstitutional. -
Lewis and Clark expedition
Lewis and Clark set from St. Louis, crossed the Rockies, reached Oregon Coast on the Pacific Ocean. The expedition increased geographic and scientific knowledge stregnthened U.S claims to Oregon Territory. One goa; was to find a direct and practicable water communication across the continent. -
Jefferson's embargo
American laws restrictiong AMerican ships from engaging in foreign trade between the years of 1807 and 1812 that led to the War of 1812 between the U.S and Britain. The Acts were diplomatic responses by presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison designed to protect American interests and avoid war. It was a failure and actually helped cause the war. -
The American System
Method for advancing economic growth project tariff, national bank, and internal improvements. A mecantilist economic plan that played a prominent role in American policy during the first half of the 19th century. Congressman Henry Clay was the plan's foremost proponent and the first to refer to it as the "American System". -
Missouri Compromise
An agreement passed between pro-slavery and anti-slavery fractions in the U.S congress which primarily involved the regulation of slvery in the western territories. Prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36 30. The house of Reprerentatives had refused to accept the compromise. -
Monroe Doctrine
A policy of the U.S stated that furhter efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S intervention. The Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were not to be further colonized by European countries but that the United States would neither interfere with existing European colonies -
Nat Turner's Revolt
(Southampton Insurrection) slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia led by Nat Turner rebel slaves killed 55-65 whites. The rebellion was put down within a few days but Turner survivied in hiding months after. White militias organized against slaves and many slaves were executed for being accused of being part of the rebellion. -
Nullification Crisis
Sectional Crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson declared the federal tariff of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional. The tariff was opposd in the South and parts of New England . -
Mexican-American War
An armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas wgich Mexico considered part of its territory despite the 1836 Texas Revolution. American forces invaded and conquered New Mexico, Caalifornia, and parts of what is currenty northern Mexico. -
Wilmot Proviso
Bill amended to forbid slavery in new territorries aquired from Mexico and was passed by the House and defeated by the Senate. Congressman David Wilmot first introduced the Proviso in the United States HOuse of Reprasentatives a a rider on a $2,000,000 appropriations bill intended for the finalk negotiations to resolve the Mex-Am War. -
California Gold Rush
The gold rush began slowly when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in California. The women who came to California in the early years were distinct minority of less than ten percent of the population . -
Seneca Falls Convention
An early influential women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York. Organized by local women upon the occasion of a visit by Boston-based Lucretia Mott. a Quaker famous for her speaking ability, a skill rarely cultivated by American woman at the time. The meeting was organized along with Elizabeth Cady Staton. -
Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom's Cabin
The book illustrated the cruel and inhumane way that the slaves were treated. The novel depicts the reality of slavery while also asserting that Christian love can overcome something as destructive as enslavement of fellow human beings. Uncle Tom's Cabin is credited with helping fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850's -
Lincoln-Douglas debates
A series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln and STephen Douglas. The debates previewed the issues that Lincoln would face in the aftermath of his victory in the 1860 election. The main issues o these debates was slavery -
Emancipation Proclamation
An executive order issued during the American Civil War . Lincoln said he would emancipate the slaves in any Confederate State that did not return to the Union. Since no state made good on the deal he emancipated the slaves. The Proclamation made abolition a central goal of the war. -
Thirteenth Amendment
Oficially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude,except as punishment for crime. It was the first of the Reconstruction Amendments. President Lincoln was concerned that the Emancipation Proclamation would be seen as a temporary war measure, since it was based on his war powers and did not abolish slavery in the border states. -
Fourteenth Amendment
Adopted as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Citizenship clause provides a broad definition of citizenship that overruled the decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford which said that blacks could not be citizens. -
Jane Addams founded Hull House
Founded to provide social services whih taught english to immigrants. Young idealistics founded settlement homes because they were concerned for the poor. Hull House became the standard bearer for the movement that had grown, by 1920, to almost 500 settlement houses nationally. -
Jacob Riis published How the Other Half Lives
An eraly publication of photojournalism documenting bad living conditions in slums during the 1880's, It served as a basis for future "muckraking" journalism by exposing the slums to upper and middle classes. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
Required the U.S. federal government to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of violatimng the Act. First federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies. -
Ellis Island opened
The gateway for millions of immigrants to the U.S. as the site of the nation's busiest immigrant inspection station. It became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument in 1965. -
Spanish-American War
A conflict between Spain and the U.S. America defeated Spain and caused the independence of Cuba. Revolts against Spanish rule had been endemic for decades in Cuba and were closley watched by Americans. -
open door policy
All nations would have equal trading privlages with Chinawith none of them in control of that country. Although the Open door Policy is generally associated with China it was recognized at the Berlin conference. -
Roosevelt Corollary
An extension of the Monroe Doctrine by President Teddy Roosevelt. Extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserted the right of the U.S. to intervene to "stabalize" the economic affairs of small statesin the Caribbean and Central America. -
Upton Sinclair published The Jungle
The novel portrays the life of the immigrant of 1906 in America, but the readers were more concerned about the foo that the treatment of the workers. The novel depicts poverty, absence of social programs, unpleasent living and working conditions. -
United States entered World War 1
During the war the U.S attempted to stay neutral. After the sinking of the Lusitania the U.S was still neutral. It was after the Zimmerman Note that the U.S> entered the war. -
The Fourteen Points
A speech delivered by President Woodrow Wilson to a joint session of Congress. The address was intended to assure the country that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause and for a postwar peace in Europe. The speech was delivered 10 months before the Armistice with Germany and became the basis terms for the German surrender. -
Versailles Treaty defeated
One of the peace treaties at the end of the world war . it ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. The treaty was registered by the Secretariat of the League of Nations.The requirement of the treaty was that Germany had to take full responability for starting the war. -
Sacco and Vanzetti executed
Italian anarchists trial for murder convicted even though they might have been innocent. They were executed to protect democracy.There is a highly politicized dispute over their guilt or innocence, as well as whether or not the trials were fair.The dispute focuses on small details and contradictory evidence -
Stock Market Crash
One of the main causes of the Great Depression, Black Thursday/Tuesday. Caused income gap, specualtion, use of credit, over production, weak farming, government policies, global economicproblems. Crashes are driven by panic as much as by underlying economic factors. They often follow speculative stock market bubbles. -
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
A schedule of tariff rates that was the highest in history . Its political purpose was to satisfy U.S. business leaders who thought a higher tariff would protect the market. Sponsored by United States Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley. -
Bonus March
World War II veterans wanted their bonus. Congress and Hoover no because it was due in 1945 and sent General Douglas MacArthur. Tanks and tear gaswas used to destroy their Shany town. -
First New Deal
Expanded the size of the federal government, altered its scope of operations, and greatly enlarged the powers of the presidential relief, reform, and reconstruction. The programs were a response to the Great Depression. Relief for the unemployed and poor; Recovery of the economy to normal levels; and Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression. -
Dust Bowl
Sever drought in the early 1930's ruined crops in the Great Plains.Without natural anchors to keep the soil in place, it dried, turned to dust, and blew away eastward and southward in large dark clouds. "Okies" migrated to California. -
Wagner Act
National Labor relationsthat replaced the labor provisions of the National Industry recovery Act. It guaranteed worker's right to join a union. The Act does not apply to workers who are covered by the Railway Labor Act. -
Social Security Program
Federal insurance program trust fund used for monthly payments to retired persons, unemployment compensation, and the disabled. Social Security is a social insurance program that is funded through dedicated payroll taxes called Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA). -
Huey Long Assassinated
Long had proposed "share the wealth" tax the wealthy, challenged Roosevelt's leadership of the Democratic Part by anouncing caandidacy of Presidency and was thought of as a very dangerous man but was late assassinated. -
Congress of Industrial Organizations created
Comittee of Industrial organization becomes major competition when American Federation of Labor which only allowed skilled white workers. -
Pearl Harbor
A surprise military strike on Peral Harbor by the Japanese Navy. The attack came as a profound shock to the American people and led directly to the American entry into World War II in both the Pacific and European theaters. -
G.I. Bill
A bill that provided college or vocational education for returning World War II veterans as well as one year of unemployment compensation. Provided many different types of loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start businesses. The term has come to include other veteran benefit programs created to assist veterans of subsequent wars as well as peacetime service. -
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
U.S conducted 2 atomic bombings on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. The only use of nuclear weapons ever. -
"Iron Curtain" Speech
Winston Churchill symbolized the ideological fighting and physical boundary dividing Europe in 2. On either side states developed international economic militaryalliances. The Soviet Union established The Warsaw Pact and Europe established NATO. -
Truman Doctrine
U.S. would support Turkey/ Greece with economic /military aid to prevent them from fallinginto the Soviet Sphere. For years Britain had supported Greece, but was now near bankruptcy and was forced to radically reduce its involvement. -
Marshall Plan
Economic program for rebuilding a stronger economic foundation. It was George Marshall's idea of stopping the spread of communism. The same help was offered to the Soviet Union and its allies but they turned it down. -
NATO formed
North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an intergovernmental military alliance based on North Atlantic Treaty. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense inresponse to an attack by an external party. -
Berlin Airlift
During the Cold War the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' access to Berlin. They were trying to force the western powers to allow the Soviet zone to start supplying Berlin with food and fuel. The western Allies responded by organizing the BerlinAirlift to carry supplies into Berlin. -
Korean War
Military conflict between South Korea, United Nations, and North Korea. The war was caused by the division of Korea by an agreement of the allies. American administrators divided the peninsula along the 38th Parallel, with United States troops occupying the southern part and Soviet troops occupying the northern part. -
Integration of Little Rock High School
A group of African American students who were enrolled in Little Rock High School. They were initially nt allowed to enter the school and alot of people didn't want them in an all white schhol. Troops from the Arkansas National Guard had to escort them to school. -
Sputnik
Sputnik was the first artificial satellite to be put into Earth's orbit. It was launched by the Soviet Union and was the first in a series of satellites collectively known as the Sputnik Prigram. -
Greensboro sit-ins
Black students protested by sitting in local restaurants designed for whites only. Nonviolent protests which led to the Woolworth's department store chain reversing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States. -
Freedom Riders
Buses full of protestors of different races and they rode together to the segregated south. Boynton v. Virginia had outlawed racial segregation in the restaurants and waiting rooms in terminals serving buses that crossed state lines. -
Peace Corps
Created by Kennedy in aiding other countries to conatin communism. An American volunteer program run by the United States Government, as well as a government agency of the same name. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
A confrontation among the Soviet Union, Cuba, and the U,S,A, during the Cold War. After some unsuccessful operations by the U.S. to overthrow the Cuban regime the Cuban and Soviet governments began to surreptitiously build bases in Cuba for a number of medium-range and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles. -
March on Washington
A peaceful demonstration to promote Civil Rights and economic equality for African Americans. The march was organized by a group of civil rights, labor, and religious organizations. -
The Great Society
Set of domesticprograms proposed in U.S.A. pon the initiative of President Lyndon B. Johnson. The Two main goals were the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. -
Neil Armstrong walked on the moon
Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon. And we proved to be even better than the Soviet Union because we did it and they didn't! -
BerlinWall torn Down
The Berlin wall represented the imprisonment of the people of East Germany.The moment the East German government lost the power to enforce the existence of the wall the people literally ripped it down reuniting Germany. -
Sovieet UNion dissolved
A process of systematic disintegration, which occurred in its economy, social structure and political structure. It resulted in the destruction of the Soviet Federal Government and independence of the USSR's republics.
