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Arab Scientist Alhazen came up with camera obscura, which was a dark room that projected the outside image onto the wall inside the room using a small hole.
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Johann Heinrich Schultz discovered certain silver compounds were sensitive to sunlight, which allowed him to use camera obscura on them. However, he later discovered that these images would disappear after a while.
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In 1839, people finally discovered a way to project images onto light sensitive surfaces that would keep the image retained after exposure.
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Henry Fox Talbot was a British Scientist and he invented a calotype process that used paper and allowed many copies of one image to be processed from a single negative photo.
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Louis Daguerre was a French Artist and Chemist and he invented a Daguerrotype, which used a silver plate and allowed them to create a more sharper image than the Calotype. However, you could only take one photo per plate.
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He spent hours trying to come up with a solution and invented a process using dry plates. Dry plates allow exposed negatives to be stored and developed later on instead of having to carry around wet plates.
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George Eastman later went on to discover plastic roll film and the use of it. It allowed people to insert the film into handheld inexpensive cameras. These cameras would go on to sell millions.
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It is now estimated that over 380 billion photographs are taken every year. That's more photographs in a day, than when photography was first invented back in 1839.