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Terms of the treaty included:
-War guilt and reparations
-Annexation of German colonies
-Disarmament
-Establishment the League(in which Germany could not join)
British politions saw the treaty as too harsh, reason for appeasement
Many Germans beleived the terms were unfair. -
This was set to solve international problems without resorting to war. The basis of the League was created by President Wilson: It was to be like a world parliment with representatives of all nations that meeted together regularly to decide on matters that affected them.
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Called for by Warren G Harding. USA, Britain and France reduced the size of their navies. A ten-year agreement fixed the ratio of battleships at 5:5:3—that is 525,000 tons for the USA, 525,000 tons for Britain, and 315,000 tons for Japan. Smaller limits with a ratio of 1.7 applied to France and Italy.
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Treaty between Germany and the USSR
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In which the Ruhr industrial region in Germany was occupied by French and Belgian troops as a response to Germany not paying reparations. The League didn't intervene. The US helped resolve the problem with the Dawes plan. Franch withdrew in 1925. Contributed to hyperinflation
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German reparations cancelled
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Angered by the murder of General Tellini by Greeks at the border between Greece and Albania, Mussolini bombarded and occupied the Greek island of Corfu. 15 people were killed. Greece appealled to the League. After some of Mussolini's intervetion, Greece had to appologise and pay compensation. The Italians withdrew on September 27.
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Agreements were made that:
-Germany accepted borders with France and Belgium. Britain and Italy would protect France if violated
-Rhineland was a demiliterised zone
-France and Germany would settle disputes through the League -
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It marked the high point in international relations. 65 nations agreed not to use war as a means of solving problems but they agreed to keep their armies for 'self-defence.'
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The price of stock fell as too many people went into the stock market buisness with loaned money
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German delegates walk out in protest of Germany not being given equal terms.
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made up of socilaists and radicals
PM Daladier
Instability: 6 different coalition in 2 years -
German delegates leave disarmament conference in rpotest to to being given equal terms.
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Major powers sign agreement sating they have authority over smaller nations.
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Alliance between Italy, France and Britain against Germany
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Alliance between France and the USSR with the aim of encircling Nazi Germany.
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Italy launches full scale invasion
Condemned by the League of Nations
Sanctions imposed 18 Nov
Italian victory at high economic price
Budget deficet risen from 2.5 bill to 16 bill lire
Oct 1936- lira devalued by 40% -
Secret treaty that would give Italy 1/3 of Abyssinia. Leaked to French press and caused a scandal leading to the resignation of the Foreign Ministers. Undermined the authority of the League
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Hitler invades. France had a caretaker goverment therefore they could make a decisive action against the Germans. Britain doesn't oppose Hitler's actions and is described as invading his "own backyard"
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Leon Blum's Goverment comes into power
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French and Britain pursued "non intervention"
Mussolini wanted to stop the spread of communism and prevent communists from attaining startegic position in Medeterranian
Hitler saw it as an oppertunity as a test run for war. Most notably the bombing of Guernica -
Hitler initiates economic plan in help rearmament in Germany
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Treaty of alliance between Italy, Germany and Japan
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Hitler and Chamberlain meet at Berchtesgarden
decided that Sudeten German areas to be transfered to Germany -
Hitler insists demands of Hungarians and Poles should be met
German troops to occupy Sudetenland on 28th Sept -
Czechoslovakia lost 70% of heavy industry
1/3 of population, Slovakia and Ruthenia given self goverment -
Hitler encouraged Slovaks to cause disruption
German troops occupy Czechoslovakia
Bohemia and Moravia declared a protectorate -
"In event of any action which clearly threatend Polish independence...His Majesty's Goverment would feel themselves bound at once to lend the Polish Goverment all support in their power."
-failed to make Hitler more cautious, Hitler declares Anglo-German Naval Agreement and Non Agression Pact with Poland invalid -
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- Germany and Italy agree to come to each other's aid if it became involved in hostilities.
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Secret protocol of dividing Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influences, Poland to be divided between the two powers.
Ensured that Hitler wouldn't have to fight a war on two fronts.
Delayed Soviet Union from war against Germany (for the moment) -
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-Germany demands Danzig and the Polish corridor
-Germans claim that Poles attached their wireless stations at the border
-Germans invade at 4:45am -
-Demands Germany to call off attack by 11:00am
-no response recieved by this time, GB and France declare war -
