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Tariff of Abomination
This tariff was passed in 1828, and set up high importation taxes (up to a 50% tax). This upset a lot of southern states, since they felt that they were being negatively affected by the lack of imported resources. -
John C. Calhoun wrote South Carolina Exposition and Protest
When he resigned, Calhoun published "South Carolina Exposition and Protest", which fostered the idea of state nullification of national laws. This was popular in many southern states, particularly South Carolina. -
Hayne and Webster Debate
A debate in Congress, that was Hayne arguing for state rights, and Webster on the side of national interest. This was a massive debate, since it was after the South Carolina Exposition and Protest was published. -
Tariff of 1832
Was used to replace the Tariff of Abomination, by reducing the amount of import taxes. This still upset the southerners, because they wanted to have no tax on imported goods. -
Ordinance of Nullification
This was passed by South Carolina, which allowed the state to declare any national law unconstitutional and therefore null and void. This led to the state declaring that they will not comply with the Tariff of 1828. -
Clay's tariff bill
After Jackson sent the military to South Carolina to deal with the insurrection, John Clay made an attempt to avoid this conflict by rushing the Tariff Bill through Congress. This stated that all import taxes above 20% would be reduced annually until the tariff was low enough to keep the southerners happy. Since South Carolina found themselves without any support from other states, they accepted the compromise and repealed the Ordinance of Nullification. -
Force Act
Congress passed this bill, which enable the president to declare martial law, which further allowed him to collect and enforce the tariffs with the help of the national military. This was made to prevent the crisis in South Carolina from happening again.