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Formation of an independent Italy
With the Italian peninsula, Italy became a sovereign state through unification in regards to the Risorgimento(1815), a political and social movement.
This image depicts how there is a possible established Italian flag as the individuals in the picture try to hold off the enemy of the others to help with the unification of Italy. -
Papal States taken over by new nation of Italy
Italy takes Papal state along with the Plebiscite. Rome being held captive was the last idea as it ended Risorgimento. The Papal states reign ended as King Victor Emmanuel II helped with the unification of Italy.
The image helps imply the necessary changes made within the decisions made by the treaty within Italy and the territorial grounds. -
Italy invades and takes over Libya
The Italian troops going to Libya(Turkish Province) for invasion resulted in an Italo-Turkish War. Overall helping unify Italian Libya with a merge of Italian Cyrenaica and Tripolitania.
The image represents the power the Italians had for Libya with the pressure that was enforced. -
Mussolini begins work as editor for the Socialist Party newspaper Avanti
Mussolini supports revolutionary violence with liberals and the reformist and royalist as he was a socialist. Being an editor helped with the popularity of ideas and influence in altering the political grounds.
The image is a minor representation of Mussolini having dedication for creating an article. -
Mussolini kicked out of Socialist Party for pro-nationalistic sentiments regarding WW I
Mussolini has judged in the Italian socialist party as socialism was insignificant to understanding the national problems which eventually resulted in war. At the time Mussolini was in the eyes of the public as he was expelled.
The image underscores how Mussolini was the very first thing that was on the newspaper headlines with big captions -
Treaty of London
The riots in term of Italy’s involvement in WW1 led to the signing of the Treaty of London as Italy allies with the Triple Entente(France, Britain, and Russia)
The image depicts the changes made through Italy turning their force with representing their efforts in controlling and settling his war. -
Beginning of Biennio Rosso
From 1919 to 1920 there was a major social impact in Italy with the war as there was a rise in unemployment at most 2 million workers as military prediction began to occur as did riot and strike
The image above is too imply the significance of the riots and unemployment through the Biennio Rosso being something important and major in the lives of these people. -
D'Annunzio takes Fiume
Gabriele D'Annunzio, a soldier during WW1, marched 2,000 armed men to the port city of Fiume, which overshadowed actions by Mussolini. However, Mussolini was inspired by this.
Picture is of the men invading Fiume with their flag. -
Fascio de Combattimento formed in Milan
118 people met in Milan to form the combat group "Fascio de Combattimento", or the Fascists of the First Hour. Their initial intent was to bring nationalists and socialists together, and on June 6, 1919, the Fascist Program was created, unified by a hatred for the liberal government.
Picture is of men in the combat group. -
Battle for Land and Battle for the Lira
This was another policy that the fascists created in order to make Italy a greater power. This economic policy was created in the 1920s. This is another picture of the fascist policies that Mussolini created, and it shows many people agreeing with these ideas instead of going against them. -
Mussolini forms alliance with Giolitti
Giolitti offers Mussolini and his fascist group an alliance -an anti-socialist National Bloc- during the May 1921 elections in order to give the fascists a larger advantage.
Picture is of Giovani Giolitti -
Mussolini forms the PNF (Fascist Party) and is elected its leader
Mussolini turned the Fascio de Combattimento into the PNF (Partido Nazionale Fascista). In November 1921, the Fascist National Congress elected Mussolini leader of the PNF.
Picture is of the PNF logo. -
Battle of Births
This was a Fascist battle that took place in Italy in order to make Italy a greater power. This was about Mussolini wanting to increase the population of Italy. It took place from 1922 to 1943. This is a picture of Mussolini standing above his people trying to make Italy into a greater power. -
March on Rome and Mussolini becomes Prime Minister
The ras wanted to invade Rome and Mussolini went with them to try to restrain the ras's intended violence. On Oct. 27, over 40,000 fascists invaded Rome, and prime minister Luigi Facta convinced the king to declare a state of emergency to avoid violence. On Oct. 29, Mussolini was appointed prime minister by King Victor Emmanuel III.
Picture is of fascist men coming into Rome. -
Acerbo Law passed
Proposed by Baron Giacomo Acerbo, the Acerbo Law gave whichever party that gained the most votes two-thirds of the seats in parliament, given that the percentage of the vote was over 25%. Mussolini used this law during the 1924 election, won his seats, and gained fascist support by threatening to abolish parliament and using guardsmen as intimidation.
Picture is of Baron Giacomo Acerbo. -
Corfu Incident
An Italian general was murdered in Greece while creating a map over disputed territory. Mussolini fined Greece 50 million lire as compensation, Greece refused, saying they didn't kill the general. Mussolini sent the Italian marines to invade Corfu, a Greek island. Greece payed the fine.
Picture is a map showing the location of Corfu. -
Matteotti Crisis
Giacomo Matteotti, a socialist who opposed fascist violence and claimed to have evidence to back it up, was abducted in Rome and was murdered, supposedly by Dumini's fascist thugs. Mussolini was blamed and lost some support, but gained it back by arresting Dumini and the thugs on June 15. Matteotti's body was found August 18.
Picture is of Matteotti's coffin. -
Aventine Secession
This was the withdrawal of deputies in order to show their opposition to Mussolini, the fascist leader. This opposition was ineffective as it did not maintain the aroused public opinion towards the fascist leader. This was in June 27 in 1924. This picture was chosen because it shows the number of deputies that opposed the fascist leadership signifying that even though many liked the fascist leader there were many other that did not support it. -
Battle for Grain
This was a policy which was first implemented in 1925. This was a policy created by the Fascists in Italy. This is a picture of the Battle of Grain and Mussolini conducting his fascist policy. -
Locarno Treaty Signed
This treaty was discussed in Switzerland in Locarno in October of 1925 and later signed in London on December 1. The nations that signed the treaty were Germany, Britain, France, Belgium and Italy. This is a picture that showed the number of people that got together to create and sign a treaty that they all accepted. -
Kellogg-Briand Treaty signed
This was a treaty from the year of 1928. This treaty did not fulfill what it was supposed to because it can be seen that militarism was still rising and World War II still happened. This was a picture taken of everyone getting together to decide on a proper treaty. -
Lateran Treaty with Pope
This was a treaty from June 7, 1929 to June 3, 1985. This was signed between the Pope and Mussolini. This is a treaty of Mussolini and the Pope both signing the treaty. -
Abyssinian Crisis
The Abyssinian Crisis took place from 1934 to 1937 over Italy’s constant and policy of aggression against Ethiopia.
The picture below depicts a cartoon which represents the failure of the League of Nations due to their poor response to Italy during the Abyssinian Crisis. Essentially, it was like they allowed them to rain havoc on Ethiopia which was significant as a large majority of the leagues credibility was lost throughout these 3-4 years. -
Stresa Front
This was an Alliance that was agreed upon in April 1935 between Britain, France and Italy. This treaty was meant to reaffirm the Locarno Treaty. -
Rome-Berlin Axis Treaty signed
On October 25th 1936, Germany and Italy signed this treaty, initially, as a cooperation deal. Soon after (a month) Japan joined and the three formed a military alliance. The picture below illustrates leaders from Japan, Italy and Germany in order to form this treaty. The picture is significant as it underscores three major powers conforming together to form a military alliance. This is crucial in order to understand how different groups formed during WW2. -
Italian involvement with Spanish Civil War
The involvement of Italy during the Spanish Civil war revolved around Italy’s supportment against the Spanish Republic due to their nationalistic agenda. (1936) The picture below represents a cartoon drawn to illustrate Italy’s involvement during the Spanish Civil War. This picture is important, specifically due to the hand. The hand symbolizes Italy’s involvement to help the nationalist side because Italy has had history in struggling to conform under a nationalistic nation. -
Munich Crisis
The Munich Conference took place in 1938 when Germany, the U.K, France, and Italy made mutual agreements. Arguably, the most significant of all was the fact that it allowed Hitler and Germany to annex Sudentland in Czechoslovakia. The picture below represents all leaders from the countries involved during the Munich Conference. Hence, this picture is significant because it demonstrates the political and social effects this conference had on Europe leading up to WW2 . -
Italy Invades Albania
In 1938, Italy underwent a brief invasion of the Albanian Kingdom and succeeded by pushing the King into exile in Greece. The picture below depicts Albania during the Italian invasion. This picture is significant because it demonstrates Italy’s ability to illustrate brutality within another nation under Mussolini’s control. -
Italy Joins WW2 on Germany's Side
On October of 1943, Italy formally joined WW2 on the side of Germany against the allies. This time, Italy and Germany were accompanied by Japan as well. The picture below illustrates Mussolini and Hiter together as they stand beside each other as WW2 begins. This picture is significant because it underscores two of the biggest figures coming into the start of WW2. -
Mussolini brought down by coup during WW II
In 1943, Mussolini was voted out of power by his own Grand Council, and this event marked his downfall in terms of power throughout WW2 and up to his death. The picture below is a newspaper announcing Mussolini being kicked out of power. This picture is vital because it demonstrates the political and social impacts of Mussolini being overthrown throughout Italy. -
Mussolini Killed
In 1945, Mussolini was executed by an Italian partisan through the use of machine gun firepower. His death was only a brief period of time before the end of WW2. The picture below depicts the scene of where Mussolini was executed. This photo is crucial because the multitude of people display that his death was significant to Italy, not only politically as it marked the end of his Facist terrain, but socially as this was an event that roared through the nation at the time.