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Formation of an independent Italy
Picture of King Victor Emmanuel II, he provided significant assistance in forming Italy. -
Papal States taken over by new nation of Italy
Map of the Papal States. -
Failure of First Italo-Ethiopian War with the Battle of Adowa (Adwa)
Emperor Negus Menelik II of Ethiopia at Battle of Adwa -
Italy invades and takes over Libya
Flag of Italian Lybia -
Mussolini begins work as editor for the Socialst Party newspaper Avanti
Popular title page of Avanti! -
Mussolini kicked out of Socialist Party for pro-nationalistic sentiments regarding WW1
Fascist bundle -
Treaty of London
Map of the Treaty of London. -
Beginning of Biennio Rosso
Socialist unrest during Biennio Rosso. -
Fascio di Combattimento formed in Milan
A: Group meant to unite nationalists and socialists under a military based group.
B: Image is a photo of Fascio di Combattimento members. -
D'annunzio Takes Fiume
A: D’annunzio takes the city of Fiume, a place Italy hoped to get in the treaties, with a group of 2000 armed men.
B: Photo of D'annunzio. -
Mussolini forms alliance with Giolitti
A:Mussolini forms an anti-socialist pact for the upcoming May election.
B: Photo of Giolitti -
Mussolini forms the PNF and is elected
A: Mussolini reforms toe Fasci di Combattimento into a political party, and in November persuades members to elect him as leader.
B: Logo of PNF -
March on Rome and Mussolini becomes Prime Minister
A: 40000 fascists move into Rome and force the king to appoint Mussolini to prime minister.
B: People apart of the march on rome. -
Acerbo Law Passed
A: Gave the party that won the most seats with atleast 25% of the vote 66% of the seats in parliment.
B: Shows parliment seats as a result of the Acerbo law -
Corfu Incident
A: When an italian general was murdered on Greek soil, mussolini demanded money. When they refused to pay, he invaded and forced them to. Mussolini was regarded as a hero.
B: Map showing where Corfu is. -
Matteotti Crisis
A: Giacomo Matteotti, a critic of fascism, was abducted and murdered by Dumini’s group.
B: Photo of Matteotti. -
Aventine Secession
- People decided to boycott the parliament in response to the government’s failure to address the disappearance of Matteotti. The intended outcome, however, was to make the king dismiss Mussolini. This gave Mussolini more of a leverage as it allowed him to take out opposition for the king. -The photo shows great inspiration from Rome, the Aventine Secession was symbolic in italian history as a way to take a step against class oppression
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The Battle for Grain
-The Battle for Grain was a campaign launched in 1925 to establish self-sufficiency of wheat to prevent dependency from foreign supplies
-The photo shows Mussolini, shirtless, and harvesting wheat. Most likely as propaganda to inspire people to harvest wheat while boosting Mussolini’s public image. -
Locarno Treaty Signed
- The Locarno treaty decided to renounce the use of invasion and force, a series of agreements with Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britian, and Italy to ensure political stability within Europe.
- The photo shows signatures of representatives, including Mussolini who was the representative of Italy
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Battle for Births
- one of the four economic battles that took place that encouraged the increase in population from 40 to 60 million people (for military of course). This involved restricting women, and reaffirming gender roles, as well as incentivizing families to make children through work benefits. A demographic campaign.
- The photo shows fascist officials greeting the women their babies. “Mother Factory” established.
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Battle for Land and Battle for Lira
- Battle for Land aimed to clear marshlands for better land for farming. The Battle of Lira was a response to the declining value of the Lira, leading to its artificial increase, leading to unemployment. -Photo shows the Lira being put on a scale to compare with other countries’ currency. We can clearly see some Italian propaganda from how the currency is compared from before and 1923.
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Lateran Treaty with the Pope
- The Lateran treaty were agreements with the pope and Mussolini to secure the support of the Catholic church. This included establishing many laws that pleased the Pope, but limited Mussolini’s extent of totalitarianism.
- The photo shows the signing of the Lateran Treaty with the Pope.
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Kellog-Briand Pact
- this pact was also known as the Pact of Paris which was an international agreement signed by 15 nations on 1928. The nations that signed aimed to remove war as an option of resolving a conflict.
- The photo shows Calvin Coolidge signing the pact, the 30th US president, showing the magnitude of the pact in international relations.
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Stresa Front
- The Stresa Front was a short-lived alliance agreed upon between French, British, and Italian (Mussolini) prime ministers against Nazi Germany.
- The map shows the countries opposing Nazi Germany: Stresa Front (blue), and Nazi Germany (Brown).
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.Abyssinian Crisis
A:A conflict between Italy and Ethiopia (then called Abyssinia) where Mussolini invaded Ethiopia to build a new Roman Empire and to spread Italian supremacism and gather resources.
B:The picture I chose illustrates how the League of Nations initially tried to stop Mussolini, but eventually gave up. Also to show Mussolini wasn't going to change his mind about his new Roman Empire -
Rome-Berlin Axis Treaty signed
A:An agreement between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany forming a political and military alliance, marking the beginning of close cooperation.
B:I chose this image to show the close relationship between Mussolini and Hitler, which was originally based on mutual respect and shared interests. -
Italian involvement with Spanish Civil War
A: Italy sent troops and support to aid Francisco Franco’s Nationalist forces in Spain's civil war.
B: -
Munich Conference September
A:A meeting between Germany, Italy, Britain, and France where they agreed to let Hitler annex the Sudetenland part of Czechoslovakia in a failed attempt to appease him
B:I chose this image of the Munich Agreement to highlight how the Allies were trying to appease a Germany driven by dangerous ambition and a hunger for power -
Italy invades Albania.
A:Italy occupied Albania to expand its empire in the Balkans.
B: I chose this image of the invasion of Albania to show the contrast between a weaker Balkan country and a more powerful, aggressive Italy -
.Italy enters WW II on side of Germany
A: Italy declared war on Britain and France, joining WWII on the Axis side, expecting quick victories.
B: I picked this image of Italy declaring war on the Allies to show that, even though Italy had developed itself, it still relied on Germany’s support to effectively challenge the Allied powers -
Mussolini brought down by coup during WW II
A: As Italy suffered defeats in WWII, Mussolini was arrested and removed from power by King Victor Emmanuel III and the Fascist Grand Council, signaling the collapse of his regime
B:I chose this news article about Benito Mussolini's capture to show how he had fallen out of favor with his own Fascist Party and how his removal was ordered by the King -
Mussolini killed April 28, 1945
A:Mussolini was captured and executed by Italian partisans while trying to flee to Switzerland.
B:
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