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476
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
This is the date where the beginning of the Middle Ages is usually placed. On September 4, 476, Odoacer, a Germanic leader, deposed Romulus Augustulus, the last emperor of Rome. Thus culminates a whole process of several centuries in which the Empire had already entered into decline. From s. III the provinces of the Empire subtracted power to Rome itself, since the different legions distributed by the Empire tried to raise their generals to the imperial throne. -
476
The beginning of the Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is called the stage of European history that begins with the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire, in the year 476 ......... -
Mar 13, 601
The minstrels
If we talk about culture, we cannot forget the role of minstrels, poets-singers who entertained people, women and men, with their shows that they performed in the streets of towns and cities. The first documents that speak of them have been dated to the 7th century. The subjects preferred by the public were those that spoke of heroic feats, impossible loves and subtle criticisms that provoked the laughter of the spectators. -
Period: Mar 12, 622 to May 24, 732
Islam and the Reconquest
Islam was born in 622 AD in Arabia and spread rapidly throughout North Africa. It continued advancing invading the Iberian Peninsula and reaching France, taking advantage of the weakness of the small Christian kingdoms, very divided at that time. The historian Henri Pirenne places the beginning of the Middle Ages in the appearance and spread of Islam, since he believes that the barbarians assumed the structures of the Roman Empire and ended up Romanizing. -
Feb 21, 701
Gregorian chant
At the end of the 7th century, Pope Gregory I directed a reordering, reform and compilation of the Roman liturgy, continued by his successors, which included a flatter and simpler conformation of the melodies (old and new Roman chant). The papal alliance with the Carolingian monarchy (second half of the 8th century) succeeded in imposing on the West a centralization of administration, canon law and the liturgy, whose repertoire of songs, based on that previous progressive reform. -
Jan 1, 801
polyphony to the flamenca
During the fifteenth century polyphony was imposed on flamenco, which achieved a perfect match between text and music.
The Flemish masters traveled throughout Europe, becoming established in Italy itself, despite its strong musical tradition.
At this time the most widespread musical forms were the motet, the mass, the polyphonic song and the Christmas carol (as a Spanish contribution). -
Apr 21, 1400
The Renaissance
The Renaissance is a cultural movement that emerged in Italy around 1400. It marks the leap from the Medieval period to the Modern Age and brings with it a great cultural transformation, not only of the arts, but also of the sciences, letters and of thought forms. -
May 5, 1440
The end of the Middle Ages
........and concludes, according to different authors, with the invention of the printing press in 1440; with the taking of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453, or with the arrival of the Europeans in America, in 1492. -
Apr 23, 1451
Leonardo da Vinci and the Gutenberg Bible
In 1452 the artist, humanist, scientist and naturalist Leonardo da Vinci was born. In 1453, the Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople, forcing many Greek thinkers and their works to move west. That same year, the Hundred Years War ended, bringing stability to northwestern Europe. Arguably one of the key events of the Renaissance, in 1454, Johannes Gutenberg published Gutenberg's Bible, using a new printing technology that would revolutionize European literacy. -
Sep 7, 1472
Dynasties and Approaches to Power: The Medici and the Borgia
The Medici and the Borgia are names frequently shuffled around this period. Some, despite being considered unscrupulous bourgeois bankers / moneylenders, leave an artistic and political legacy with few parallels in the history of the West, reaching scale and figure in the most important historical moments of the next two hundred years. -
Period: Oct 5, 1479 to Nov 20, 1483
The wonders of Da Vinci
The antithesis of being tortured that was Buonarroti, Da Vinci's genius was used for the fun and dilettante exploration of Leonardo himself. A keen observer and painter / inventor, this man leaves behind ingenious sketches and drawings that are still highly prized by collectors around the world. Remembered almost exclusively for the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper, Da Vinci is the highest representative of the Renaissance for the extensiveness of his interests that included engineering, etc. -
Mar 28, 1483
The end of the Renaissance
It can be said that 500 years ago, with an unforeseeable catastrophe, the extraordinary cycle of the Italian Renaissance ended. Indeed, on Good Friday, April 6, 1520, Rafael Sanzio, an artist born in Urbino 37 years earlier, died in Rome, also on Good Friday, March 28, 1483. -
Period: Feb 3, 1501 to
Gregorian chant and the origin of musical notation
Western musical notation was born around 800 AD in the Empire of Charlemagne. With this milestone, a long chain of technical improvements begins that will gradually lead to the musical notation system that we know and use today, and that would be practically completed by the seventeenth century. -
Mar 9, 1501
THE BAROQUE PERIOD
The Baroque was a cultural period that spanned from the second half of the 16th century to the first half of the 18th century. It spread throughout Europe and Latin America, as well as other regions colonized by Europeans. -
Feb 5, 1502
Rationalism and empiricism
During the Baroque the main thinkers were included in two great currents of thought, rationalism and empiricism, which gave primacy respectively to reason and experience. Both currents developed in different parts of the European geography: while rationalism found more followers on the continent, empiricism developed above all in England. -
Mar 12, 1503
Political rationalism
Confidence in the rational method inspired by the mathematical method acquired its consecration with Descartes, but it was previously applied to the subjects of Law by Hugo Grotius.
Regarding Galilean scientism, the influence of his resolutive-compositive method marked many of the thinkers of the 17th century, who transferred the mechanistic worldview to society. For them, society was not an organism made up of organs and members, but a machine made up of a set of individual parts. -
Period: to
START THE ROMANTICISM
Romanticism is a cultural movement that originated in Germany and the United Kingdom at the end of the 18th century as a revolutionary reaction against the Enlightenment and Neoclassicism, giving priority to feelings. -
The Catholic Counter Reformation
The Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation is the name given to the response of the Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation of Martin Luther, which had weakened the Church. It covers from the Ecumenical Council of Trent in 1545 to the end of the Thirty Years' War, in 1648, with the Peace of Westphalia that put an end to the most important religious war in Europe. -
Period: to
CLASSICISM PERIOD
In the mid-1700s in Europe, a new movement in architecture, literature, and the arts known as classicism began to emerge. The musical classicism or classical period begins around 1750 and ends around 1820. -
SOCIETY CLASSICISM
Monarchical absolutism reaches its peak in the eighteenth century, supported by the nobility and the capitalist bourgeoisie. The aristocracy clings to its privileges, but the bourgeoisie is not satisfied with being the financial support of the state and seeks to achieve political power.
Heiress of Renaissance humanism and rationalism, enriched by the development of research, the Enlightenment appears, which is the ideology and culture of the European bourgeoisie in the 18th century. -
MUSIC CLASSICISM
Classicism is the style of European art music developed between about 1750 and 1820 by composers such as Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven. It coincides with the cultural and artistic era today called Neoclassicism. -
POLITICAL CLASSICISM
Classicism arose influenced by the ideas of the Renaissance and also shares a time with the French Enlightenment, whose great symbol was the French Revolution of 1789. In it, the monarchy of the French aristocracy was deposed and the first republican government was founded. -
Period: to
THE PERIOD OF ROMANTICISM
Romanticism is a cultural and artistic movement that began at the end of the 18th century and reached its maximum expression between 1820 and 1850, approximately. The first manifestations of romanticism, considered pre-romantic, can be located in the mid-eighteenth century, coinciding with neoclassicism. -
SOCIETY IN ROMANTICISM 1
THE CONSTITUTION ON PEPA:
The Spanish Constitution of 1812,2 popularly known as La Pepa or the Constitution of Cadiz,3 was promulgated by the Cortes Generales de España, extraordinarily assembled in Cadiz, on March 19, 1812. It has been given great historical importance as the first constitution promulgated in Spain,4 in addition to being one of the most liberal of its time. The origin of its nickname, La Pepa, is still not very clear. -
SOCIETY IN ROMANTICISM 2
Death of the tyrant, and the three Carlist wars between liberals and absolutists break out:
The First Carlist War or Seven Years' War was a civil war that took place in Spain between 1833 and 1840 between the Carlists, supporters of the Infante Carlos María Isidro de Borbón and an absolutist regime, and the Isabelinos, defenders of Isabel II and the regent María Cristina de Borbón, whose government was originally moderate absolutist and ended up becoming liberal to obtain popular support. -
MUSIC IN ROMANTICISM
Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer is born
Gustavo Adolfo Claudio Domínguez Bastida (Sevilla, February 17, 1836-Madrid, December 22, 1870), better known as Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, was a Spanish poet and storyteller, belonging to the Romantic movement. As a late Romantic, he has also been associated with the post-Romantic movement. Although he achieved a certain fame during his lifetime, it was only after his death and after the publication of all his writings that he achieved the prestige he is recognized. -
SOCIETY IN ROMANTICISM
Romantic. This movement is based on German human philosophies characterized by the fact that according to them every being possessed a soul that could not be confined in the body, so they needed to flee from space. -
CULTURE IN ROMANTICISM
Freedom and individualism will be their most characteristic signs of identity, transcending from the cultural and artistic world to the political one. The main themes (within the artistic production) that they will deal with will be egocentrism, freedom, death, religion and love. -
MUSIC IN ROMANTICISM
El período romántico musical duró de 1820 hasta 1914 por lo cual el instrumento más utilizado fue el piano, donde compositores como Chopin, Liszt, Schumann, Schubert, se dedicaron a componer un extenso repertorio basado en sonatas y conciertos. -
CULTURE IN ROMANTICISM 2
José de Espronceda publishes the poem called El estudiante de Salamanca
The Student of Salamanca is a narrative poem of 1,704 verses by José de Espronceda whose complete version was published in 1840, although since 1837 the author was releasing several parts of it. Its plot is simple and includes the myth of Don Juan Tenorio, the madness of the protagonist, the impressive spectral round, the vision of the burial itself and the woman transformed into a skeleton. -
CULTURE IN ROMANTICISM
José de Espronceda publishes a poem called: El diablo mundo
El diablo mundo is a poem by José de Espronceda, unfinished and published in 1841. The text of the work consists of two structural nuclei that frame two texts: a long narrative poem and a less extensive lyric poem. A close reading of both reveals the existence of a series of mirror-like reflections: Espronceda and Teresa in Canto II live the same experience as Adán, Salada and Lucía in the remaining cantos of the work. -
MUSIC IN ROMANTICISM
Death of José de Espronceda
José Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnación de Espronceda Delgado (Almendralejo, Spain; March 25, 1808 - Madrid; May 23, 1842), was a writer of the Romantic period, considered the most representative poet of the first Spanish Romanticism. -
Queen Victoria dies after 63-year reigns
Queen Victoria died on 21 January 1901 at the age of 81. She had been the Queen of Great Britain for 63 years, presiding over the industrialization of Britain and the expansion of the British Empire overseas. -
Federation of Australia
When the Constitution of Australia came into force, on 1 January 1901, the colonies collectively became states of the Commonwealth of Australia. -
First Airplane Flies
The brothers built a movable track to help launch the Flyer. This downhill track would help the aircraft gain enough airspeed to fly. After two attempts to fly this machine, one of which resulted in a minor crash, Orville Wright took the Flyer for a 12-second, sustained flight on December 17, 1903. This was the first successful, powered, piloted flight in history.
In 1904, the first flight lasting more than five minutes took place on November 9. The Flyer II was flown by Wilbur Wright. -
World War I breaks out
In the 20th century, European nations formed competing military alliances. War finally broke out in 1914 when a Serbian nationalist assassinated the heir to the throne of Austria. Austria went to war against Serbia, and many other countries joined in. On one side were the British, the French and Russian empires, Italy, and Japan (the Entente Powers). On the other side were the Germans, Austrians, Hungarians, Bulgarians, and Turks (the Central Powers). -
Period: to
Seminar V
Romanesque art is the first common style of Western Christianity and in it the monumental image attached to the walls of churches reappears, after centuries of absence in medieval art. The systematic use of images responded to the didactic function attributed to figurative art, as part of an organized ecclesiastical initiative: the Gregorian Reformation. The religious authorities set formal guidelines that would affect the function and content of the performances. -
World War I ends
1918 German offensive along the western front, United States forces entered the trenches and the Allies drove back the German armies in a series of successful offensives. Germany, which had its own trouble with revolutionaries at this point, agreed to a cease-fire on 11 November 1918, later known as Armistice Day. The war had ended in victory for the Allies. -
Wall street crash triggers great depression
The Wall Street Crash of 1929 (October 1929), also known as the Great Crash, and the Stock Market Crash of 1929, was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States, taking into consideration the full extent and duration of its fallout.[1] The crash signaled the beginning of the 10-year Great Depression that affected all Western industrialized countries[2] and did not end in the United States until 1947.