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The following innovations in music were made: A 4-line staff, relative pitch, and sight singing.
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Hildegard of Bingen lived from 1098-1179. She was sickly as a child, but we able to was able to receive education at a nearby Benedictine Cloister. She joined the nuns at age 15. She then went on to compose pieces which were according to her divinely inspired.
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Created in the early 1320s. It included technical innovations in rhythm and notation of rhythm.
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One of Josquin's most popular motets. It has a polyphonic setting and is secular music. The piece refers to the five feasts of the Virgin.
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The anthem of the Reformation composed by Martin Luther
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Published in 1567, the Marcellus Mass was written in response to the Council of Trent's observation that polyphony made music have less clarity of lyrics.
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Published in 1597 in Venice. It was important because it was the first piece to designate specific parts to specific instruments and included dynamics.
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Features new Genres like the Sonata, Aria, and Concerto. Terraced dynamics were introduced. And widespread experimentation in music began.
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The first opera to enter standard repertory. Only men attended the first performance. The opera begins with expressions of grief through expressive dissonance. It ends with Orfeo's resolve to retrieve Euridice from the underworld.
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England was the pioneer of public concerts and they eventually spread to Paris in 1725 and German cities by the 1740s.
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Held three different important positions in Weimar, Cöthen, and Leipzig. Wrote the Goldberg Variations, Brandenburg Concertos, and others.
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One of his concertos which had immense popularity. They were even given fancy titles to attract buyers.
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This took the practices of his contemporaries and put them into a book. It was highly influential and became the basis for teaching functional harmony.
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Volume 1 includes all 12 major and minor keys and its purpose was to explore the possibilities of playing in all keys. This relates to an instrument being tuned in near equal-temperament.
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Wrote ca. 106 Symphonies. Also he wrote 68 String Quartets composed in a "quite new and special way".
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Made of three parts, the prophecies of the Messiah coming and how they are fulfilled in Jesus' life, the resurrection, and the second coming.
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Was exposed to many styles of music as a kid due to being a prodigy and son of a popular violinist.
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The Concerts des Amateurs was one of the finest orchestras in Europe, and Joseph Bologne Le Chevalier de Saint-Georges was a director of this orchestra from 1773 to 1781.
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The Surprise Symphony has a sudden fortissimo crash on a weak beat in the slow movement of Symphony No. 94 which is why it is titled as such.
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An opera base on the legend of Don Juan sung in italian.
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The premiere date for Beethoven's Symphony No. 5
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Composition period 1857-58
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Composed Between 1921-1923
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