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In the Brown v. Board of Education case, the Supreme court ruled that segregation in schools by race was not constitutional. This case established the idea of equal education. This case was the first advocation for students who experience inequality. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1siiQelPHbQ)
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This act was passed by the federal government in order to protect and provide for students from a disadvantaged background. It authorizing funds used for things such as instructional materials, professional development, and education programs. An example of this act that we see in schools is free and reduced lunches.
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The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was sued for allowing public schools to turn away students with disabilities. This made it so that children who were 8 years old but had not reached to the mental age of 5 could be denied from public schools. In this case, the judge ruled that the state was not allowed to deny any mentally retarded child access to free public education.
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This federal law approves grants to states for vocational rehabilitation services. It prohibited discrimination on the basis of disability in programs overseen by federal agencies and in programs receiving financial assistance from the government. Schools were required to hand handicap accessible buildings and improved integration into same-age peers. (https://www.nad.org/resources/civil-rights-laws/rehabilitation-act-of-1973/)
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LRE is part of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The least restrictive environment policy makes it so that students must be educated in a setting most like same age peers. As well as spend as much time possible with nondisabled peers.(https://youtu.be/nUtR75sMBOc)
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This court case is very important for those who are emotionally developmentally disabled. The court ruled that schools could no expel children for behaviors related to their disabilities. This also kept schools from excluded those with disruptive behavior from classrooms. (https://www.oyez.org/cases/1987/86-728)
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is a federal law that makes sure all students with disabilities receive a free appropriate public education. This was originally referred to as Education for All Handicapped Children (1975). Every school system is required to make Individualized education programs for those who need it.
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This case questioned if students should be provided with supplemental services they need in school with no extra cost to parents. In a 7 - 2 decision the court decided that the IDEA requires to provide continuous nursing services throughout the day. (https://www.oyez.org/cases/1998/96-1793)
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This law held schools accountable for how their students learned and what they achieved. This law was somewhat controversial because it punished schools whose students didn't show improvement. This was due to the act being a federal law that provides extra funds to schools for extra educational assistance for disadvantaged kids in return for an improvement in academic progress.
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This act is a continuation of the No Child Left Behind Act, as it replaced it. It continued to allow for equal opportunity for all students. As well as shifted student accountability from the federal government to state and local control. (https://www.ed.gov/essa?src=rn)
