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A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in which the cloth, paper or other medium was brushed or rubbed repeatedly to achieve the transfer of ink, and accelerated the process. -
He was a Florentine polymath of the Italian Renaissance. He was simultaneously a painter, anatomist, architect, paleontologist, botanist, writer, sculptor, philosopher, engineer, inventor, musician, poet, and urban planner. He died accompanied by Francesco Melzi, to whom he bequeathed his projects, designs and paintings. -
The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire. -
He was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was inspired by models from classical antiquity and had a lasting influence on Western art. -
In the 15th Century, Christopher Columbus (Genoa, 1451?-Valladolid, 1506) conceives the idea of getting to The Maluku Islands (the trade center of spices). He decides to take a short cut used by the Portuguese sailors, but his King, John the II of Portugal (Lisbon, Portugal, 1455-Alvor, Portugal, 1495) refuses. Columbus offers the project to the Catholic Monarchs in 1486, starting the pilgrimage that will lead him to his goal. -
He was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism, including its doctrines of predestination and of God's absolute sovereignty in the salvation of the human soul from death and eternal damnation -
Juana I, also known as Juana La Loca. She was queen of Castile from 1504 to 1555, and of Aragon and Navarra, from 1516 to 1555, although she did not exercise any effective power after 1506 and from 1509 she lived in prison in Tordesillas, first by order of her father.
Link of the photo: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Johanna_I_van_Castili%C3%AB.JPG/800px-Johanna_I_van_Castili%C3%AB.JPG
Link of the video: https://youtu.be/B17gPcKzxz8 -
It was a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther, then a professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg which was controlled by the Electorate of Saxony. At the time, he was considered the youngest member of the theological faculty at the university which was still known for its medieval theology. -
Carlos V reigned from 1517 to 1556, when he abdicated in favor of his son Felipe. Of those 40 years, he only spent 16 in Spain. The wars and the government of his empire forced him to travel throughout Europe and the Mediterranean on numerous occasions.
Link of the photo: https://enciclopediadehistoria.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/charly-V.jpg
Link of the website: https://okdiario.com/curiosidades/carlos-v-1126021 -
Tordesillas Treaty was signed in Tordesillas, Spain, on 7 June 1494, and authenticated in Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire (Crown of Castile), along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa. -
It granted King Henry VIII of England and subsequent monarchs Royal Supremacy, such that he was declared the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Royal Supremacy is specifically used to describe the legal sovereignty of the civil laws over the laws of the Church in England. -
held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation at the time, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation.
Link of the photo: https://cdn.britannica.com/71/189471-050-E0B9E1D3/session-Council-of-Trent-Nicolo-Dorigati-Trento-1711.jpg
Link of the website: https://www.britannica.com/event/Council-of-Trent -
He was King of Spain from January 15, 1556 until his death; from Naples and Sicily from 1554; and from Portugal and the Algarves —like Felipe I— since 1580, achieving a dynastic union that lasted sixty years. He was also King of England and Ireland iure uxoris.
Link of the photo:https://cdn.britannica.com/10/186710-050-3451944A/Philip-II-Anthony-More-oil-canvas-manner.jpg?w=400&h=300&c=crop
Link of the website: https://historyofspain.es/en/video/philip-ii-and-the-spanish-empire/ -
Felipe III also known as El Piadoso was the son of Philip II and Anne of Austria (1549-1580). On April 18, 1599, he married Archduchess Margarita of Austria-Styria, daughter of Archduke Carlos II of Styria and María Ana de Baviera. Under his reign, Spain reached its maximum territorial expansion.
Link of the photo: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Felipe3-Spain.jpg/170px-Felipe3-Spain.jpg
Link of the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHQTESN8b5Q -
He was a Spanish painter, the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV of Spain and Portugal, and of the Spanish Golden Age. He was an individualistic artist of the Baroque period (c. 1600–1750). He began to paint in a precise tenebrist style, later developing a freer manner characterized by bold brushwork. -
He was King of Spain from March 31, 1621 until his death, and of Portugal from the same date until December 1640. His reign of 44 years and 170 days was the longest of the House of Austria and the third of the Spanish history, being surpassed only by Felipe V and Alfonso XIII.
Link of the photo: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Philip_IV_of_Spain.jpg
Link of the website:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Spain/Philip-IVs-reign -
Carlos II also know as El Hechizado was son and heir of Felipe IV and Mariana of Austria, he remained under his mother's regency until he came of age in 1675. Although his nickname came from the attribution of his unfortunate physical state to witchcraft.
Link of the photo: https://i0.wp.com/dariomadrid.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/EUniZtAXsAAKeQy.jpg?resize=640%2C769
Link of the website:https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article/44/3/452/159170/Carlos-The-King-Who-Would-Not-Die -
The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict that took place from 1701 to 1715. The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Austria, France, the Dutch Republic, Savoy and Great Britain.
Link of the photo: https://www.nam.ac.uk/sites/default/files/styles/slice_sm/public/2017-09/3943_slice.jpg?itok=g4N0mF0o
Link of the website: https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/Spanish-succession -
It was a social and political conflict, with various periods of violence, that convulsed France and, by extension of its implications, other European nations that faced supporters and opponents of the system known as the Old Regime.
Link of the photo: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Anonymous_-_Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg/1200px-Anonymous_-_Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg
Link of the website: https://www.britannica.com/event/French-Revolution -
Isabel II, whom Pérez Galdós called "the one with sad destinies", was Queen of Spain between 1833 and 1868, the date on which she was dethroned by the so-called "Glorious Revolution".
Link of the photo: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Ferdinand_of_Aragon%2C_Isabella_of_Castile.jpg
Link of the website: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Catholic-Monarchs
