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The Australopithecus was about 4.5 million years ago and was the first hominid. They were located in centeral Africa present day Ethiopia. They lived in trees and were very animal like. They ate fruits, berrys, nuts, and occasionally meat. They were important because it was the start of the evolutionary change.
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Homo Hobilis was about 2.5 million years ago. They were a tool making hominid and the first to use stone tools. They used a teardrop shape hand ax. They made and used shaping tools and scraping tools. Tools allows them to hunt and process animals. They are the next step in the evolution chain and had larger brains. They survived by ommunicating and learning from one another.
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Homo Erectus was about 1.8 million years ago. Are this time men were standing upright. The people started to become proportional to their body’s. At this time they also started to move out of Africa to Eurasia.
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Homo Sapiens Sapiens happened from about 200000-now. During this time, people were most human like. They survived due to language and collective learning. They had the ability to run and use tools as weapon and accurately throw them.
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About 2.5 million-12,000 years ago was the old Stone Age where we started to use stone to make tools. The early humans used hammerstones to strike stone cores and produce sharp flakes. They used these tools to cut, pound, crush, and access new foods.
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The oldest evidence of fire, found at Israel’s Qesem Cave, dates back 300,000 to 400,000 years ago, associating the earliest control of fire with Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. Fire allowed early humans to stay warm, cook food, scare off predators and migrate further into harsh climates.
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About 500000 years ago, early humans were making wooden spears and using them to kill large animals. Early humans butchered large animals as long as 2.6 million years ago. But they may have scavenged the kills from lions and other predators. The early humans who made this spear were hunting large animals by themselves, probably on a regular basis.
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About 170000 years ago, humans started to wear clothing. They started wearing clothes more after they lost body hair. Because of how the humans started to develop more, they lost their hair and started to wear clothes. They hunted the hairy mammoths, bears, deer, musk oxen, and other mammals that shared their environment. At some point, they learned how to cut thick, furry hides from these animals to keep themselves warm and dry. Having clothing especially helped they during the ice age.
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The Mount Toba eruption happened about 75,000 years ago and was one of Earths largest eruptions. The Toba catastrophe theory holds that this event caused a global volcanic winter of six to ten years. Toba's erupted mass deposited an ash layer of about 15 centimetres thick over the whole of South Asia causing a “year without summer.” Because of the thick layer of ash blocking the sun, it was very cold during this time.
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The first humans to move out of Africa were Homo sapiens. They started moving because they needed more space, the weather & climate was changing, and the need for more food. The people migrate to an environment that will provide them with new resources that are necessary for living for life. They moved at the time they did because moving south, it got colder which determined what resources were available in the area. Because of the out of Africa theory it tells us that we developed differently.
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The development of language around 50,000 years ago allowed people to make plans, solve problems, and organize effectively. By communicating, they were able to learn from one another and teach others how to do and make stuff in order to survive.
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The Pleistocene Ice Age created a land bridge that connected Asia and North America (Alaska) over 13,000 years ago. The migration theory is that people crossed this land bridge and eventually migrated into North and South America.
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The world's most recent glacial period began about 110,000 years ago and ended around 12,500 years ago. During an ice age, oceans become smaller and lower, as the water freezes into glaciers. This uncovers land. The ice sage caused early humans to use more of there resources such as the fur off of animals. Because it was cold, it was also harder to find food, making it harder to survive these harsh climates.
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The New Stone Age was a time when the Earth's climate was warmer than the climate in the Old Stone Age. Around 12,000 years ago, the Earth ended its last great ice age. As the Earth warmed, the population of people and animals increased. A temperate climate meant that animals and people could stay in one place. Some people decided to give up their nomadic lifestyle and settle down. People learned to grow their own crops, rather than search for wild berries and grains. This lead to agriculture.
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The invention of agriculture is where hunting and gathering slows and systematic agriculture begins. The Neolithic Revolution started around 10,000 B.C.-8,000 Because humans started farming, civilizations and cities grew.
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The city of Jericho is one of the earliest continuous settlements in the world, dating from about 9000 BCE. Jericho was one of the first steps toward civilization.
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Domestication is the process of adapting wild plants and animals for human use. Domestic species are raised for food, work, clothing, medicine, and many other uses. Domesticated plants and animals must be raised and cared for by humans. Domesticated species are not wild. Goats were probably the first animals to be domesticated, followed closely by sheep.
