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Period: 500 to 1450
Medieval Period
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1030
Guido of Arezzo’s Micrologus
It introduced the hexachord system (teaching it by solmization). -
Period: 1098 to 1179
Hildegard of Bingen
The most prolific composer of the Middle Ages. -
1323
Ars Nova Treatise
It introduced meter in notation with the concepts of Time (beat) and Prolation (subdivision). The concept of the holy trinity had a significant influence in considering times and prolations of 3 as perfect and those of 2 as imperfect back then. -
Period: 1450 to
Renaissance Period
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1485
Josquin's Ave Maria ... virgo serena Motet
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1529
Martin Luther’s Chorale Ein feste burg (A Mighty Fortress is our God)
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1538
Arcadelt’s Madrigal Il bianco e dolce cigno
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1567
Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass
Published in 1567 and believed to be composed ca 1562. The legend tells that Palestrina composed it to prove the Council of Trent that 6 voices in a polyphonic mass could be clear and understandable. This introduced to the world the concept of Ars perfecta, in which only by following certain guidelines you would be able to achieve clarity in polyphonic chant. -
Victoria’s Missa O magnum mysterium
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Gabrieli’s Sonata pian'e forte
Composed at St Mark's, Venice, it is the first piece to specify dynamics and which instrument plays which part in notation. -
Period: to
Baroque Period
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Monteverdi's L’Orfeo
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First Public Concerts in England
England pioneered public concerts in the 1670s -
Period: to
JS Bach
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Antonio Vivaldi's L’Estro Armonico
First collection of concertos published by Vivaldi -
Rameau's Traité de l’harmonie
Apart from being the most influential of all
theoretical works, this treatise became basis for teaching
functional harmony. -
Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier volume 1
Composed to demonstrate the advantages of equal temperament and for teaching purposes. It can be argued that it ensured this tuning system was the chosen one from that moment onwards. -
Period: to
Franz Joseph Haydn
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Handel's Messiah
Completed in 1741 and Premiered in Dublin in 1742 -
Period: to
WA Mozart
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Period: to
Viennese Classical Period
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Period: to
Le Chevalier de Saint-Georges as director of Concerts des Amateurs
Apart from being in charge of one of the finest orchestras in
Europe, this period made him to be considered as one of France’s best composers, conductors, and violinists. US President John Adams even called him
“the most accomplished man in
Europe”. -
Mozart's Don Giovanni
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Haydn's Symphony No. 94 "Surprise"
Composed in 1791 and premiered in London in 1792 -
Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 in C minor (premiere)
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Schubert’s Erlkönig
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Nicolo Paganini’s 24 Caprices for Violin, op.1 (Composed 1805, Published 1820)
Composed in 1805, Published in 1820 -
Berlioz’ Symphonie fantastique
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Period: to
Frederic Chopin’s Mazurkas Op.7
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Fanny Mendelssohn-Hensel’s Das Jahr
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Louis Moreau Gottschalk’s Souvenir de Porto Rico
This piece is believed to have been composed between 1857 and 1858 -
Mussorgsky Pictures at an Exhibition
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Bizet Carmen
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Wagner Der Ring des Nibelungen
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Brahms' Symphony No.4
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Mahler Symphony No.1
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Dvorak Symphony No. 9 "From the New World"
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Scott Joplin's Maple Leaf Rag (published)
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Jean Sibelius' Finlandia (premiere)
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Claude Debussy's Voiles from Préludes Book 1
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Arnold Schönberg's Pierrot Lunaire
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Igor Stravinsky's Le sacre du Printemps (premiere)
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Arnold Schönberg's Piano Suite, Op.25
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Louis Armstrong's "Hotter Than That"
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George and Ira Gershwin's "I Got Rhythm" (published)
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Shostakovich Symphony No.5 premiere
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Prokofiev's Alexander Nevsky (film)
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Duke Ellington's Cottontail
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Olivier Messiaen's Quatuor pour le fine du temps
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Bela Bartók's Concerto for Orchestra
Composed in 1943 and premiered in 1944 -
Copland's Appalachian Spring
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John Cage's 4’33’’
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Edward Varese’s Poeme Electronique
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Miles Davis' Kind of Blue
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George Crumb's Ancient Voices of Children
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John Adams' Short Ride in a Fast Machine
