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The policy of sakoku is ended by the Convention of Kanagawa, and Japan opens trade with the United States.
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A new policy is introduced known as sakoku, this policy permitted Japanese citizens to leave and foreigners to enter.
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The first English man visits Japan, named William Adams befriending Tokugawa Leyasu (a future shogun) who he later advises for.
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A civil war period lasting 100 years starts in Japan between rival lords known as the Warring States period.
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The island of Kyushu falls under attack by the Mongol army for the second time and the invasion fails after a typhoon hits and almost all ships are destroyed.
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Under the rule of emperor, Kammu the capital moved to Heian-kyo, modern-day Kyoto and stayed the official capital for the next 1000 years.
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Nara becomes the first official capital city of Japan, led by a string of emperors and empresses.