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1890: Herman Hollerith designs a punch card system to calculate the 1880 census, accomplishing the task in just three years and saving the government $5 million. He establishes a company that would ultimately become IBM.
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Based on internal information flows
Support relatively structured decisions
Inflexible and have little analytical capacity
Used by lower and middle managerial levels
Deals with the past and present rather than the future -
Alan Turing presents the notion of a universal machine, later called the Turing machine, capable of computing anything that is computable. The central concept of the modern computer was based on his ideas
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The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950.
In the 1980, the work of Tim Berners-Lee in the United Kingdom, on the World Wide Web, theorised the fact that protocols link hypertext documents into a working system, marking the beginning the modern Internet. -
(AI) is the science of developing computer systems that can mimic human behavior.
More recently, several AI applications have been successfully put to commercial use. Let’s take a brief look at two of these: expert systems and face-recognition technology. -
AT&T introduces the dataphone and the first known MODEM.
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is a computer application capable of identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source.
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The development of database technology can be divided into three eras based on data model or structure: navigational, SQL/relational, and post-relational.
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A dot matrix printer or impact matrix printer refers to a type of computer printer with a print head that runs back and forth on the page and prints by impact, striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like a typewriter.
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The first hand-held cell phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola.
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ARPA deploys SATNET the first international connection.
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"Transaction Processing System" illustrates a TPS in which the transaction is a customer’s electronic payment of a bill. As you can see, TPS output can consist not only of documents sent to outside parties (in this case, notification of payment received), but also of information circulated internally (in the form of reports), as well as of information entered into the database for updating.
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In 1997,IBM’s Deep Blue—a specialized computer with an advanced chess-playing program—defeated the world’s highest-ranked player. [5]
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Mozilla releases the Mozilla Firefox browser.
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While information systems may differ in how they are used within an organization, they typically contain the following components: Hardware: Computer-based information systems use computer hardware, such as processors, monitors, keyboard and printers.
Software: These are the programs used to organize, process and analyze data.
Databases: Information systems work with data, organized into tables and files.
Network: different elements need to be connected -
The many different types of information system can be divided into categories based on the where they are used in the hierarchy of an organization.
