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Chinese used fingerprints to establish identity of documents and clay sculptures.
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Roman courts determined that bloody palm prints were used to frame a man in his brother's murder.
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King Richard of England introduced the idea of the coroner to investigate questionable death.
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A murder in China is solved when flies were attracted to invisible blood residue on a sword of a man in the community. Sung Tz'u was a chinese death investigator who wrote a book named "The Washing Away of Wrongs" where he explained the first murder solved by entomology.
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Fidelus was first to practice forensic medicine in Italy
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek constructed the first high-powered microscope. Leeuwenhoek was known to have made over 500 microscopes. In design, all Leeuwenhoek microscopes are known to have simply been powerful magnifying glasses put together.
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Paul Revere identified the body of General Joseph Warren based on the false teeth he made for him.
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John Toms convicted of murder on basis of torn edge of wad of paper in pistol, matching a piece of paper in his pocket.
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Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen developed the science of Spectroscopy.
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Crime scene photography developed
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Alphonse Bertillon developed a system to identify people using particular body measurements.
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Edward Henry developed first classification system for fingerprint identification. Henry studied extensively how fingerprints could be used to identify criminals. The system he developed allowed fingerprints to be filed, searched, and traced against thousands of other fingerprints.
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Karl Landsteiner identified human blood groups.
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Edmond Locard formulated his famous principle, "Every contact leaves a trace."
"It is impossible for a criminal to act, especially considering the intensity of a crime, without leaving traces of his presence." -Edmond Locard
Locard got to test out his principle during many investigations. One particular one was of a Frenchwoman named Marie Latelle who had been found dead (1912). -
Francis Aston developed the mass spectrometer.
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James Watson and Francis Crick discover the DNA double helix.
"This structure has novel features which are of considerable biological interest." - James Watson and Francis Crick
Watson and Crick used stick-and-ball models to test out their ideas on the possible structure of DNA, unlike other scientists who used experimental methods. -
AFIS developed by FBI, fully automated in 1966.
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Jeffreys developed and used first DNA tests to be applied to a criminal case.
