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Philosophers, theorists, psychologists and educators have addressed appropriate educational practices.
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A philosopher, writers and composer. He wrote "Emile" in 1762. He recommended that a childs early education be as natural as possible.
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He believed in natural learning. He developed principals for learning that combined natural elements with informal instruction.
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He believed in the natural unfolding of a child. He stressed the importance of playing in the learning environment. He felt that the benefits of playing to learn required adult guidance and a planned environment. He felt that children are like seeds, they grow if they are tended to and cared for by the teacher.
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This era lasted between the 1960's- 1980's, researchers investigating early childhood literacy development brought about many changes in practice. Research was done in diverse cultural and socioeconomic settings. Research in the areas of oral language development, family literacy, and early reading and writing had a a strong impact on educators to help understand the processes involved in becoming literate, how children learn, and how to begin teaching reading and writing.
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She believed that children needed early, orderly, systematic training in order to master any set of skills. She created an environment supplied with materials for learning concepts to meet specific objectives. The use of materials is modeled by the teacher and the students are to imitate the teacher.
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He has the philosophy of early childhood education that led to the concept of the child centered curriculum that is also known as the progressive education. He believed that a curriculum should be built around the interests of the children and that children learn through play in real-life settings.
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Marie Clay first used the phrase, emergent literacy. This term assumes that the child acquires some knowledge about language, reading, and writing before coming to school. The development of literacy begins early and is ongoing throughout life. Emergent literacy acknowledged a Childs scribble marks on a page as rudimentary writing, even if not one letter is recognizable.
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He created the theory of cognitive development describes the intellectual capabilities of children at different stages of cognitive development. The stages of cognitive development are as follows- Sensorimotor (0-2), Preoperational (2-7), Concrete Operational Period (7-11) and Formal operations Period (11-adulthood). He believed that a child learns by interacting with the world.
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The schema acquisition is a general theory that suggests that learning occurs as children acquire new concepts. The new concept of schema, which are mental structures where people store information. When the information is needed, we call the stored information to mind to help make predictions, generalizations or inferences. Scaffolding directs a children's attention to what they need to know and do.