-
Period: 600 to 800
GREGORIAN CHANT
The Roman Catholic Churt compiled its liturgicals plainsongs. We call this musical in honour of Pope Gregory the great the first compiler. Main characteristics:
· It has a monophonic texture, without instrumental accompainament.
· It uses modal scales and is in free time
· The text is in latin with a religious theme
· its performed by male voces
Gregorian Chant is classified in:
· Sylabic: one note sylabic
· Neumatic: small group of notes per sylabic
· Melismatic: a lot of notes per sylabic -
800
SECULAR VOCAL MUSIC
The main characteristics of this vocal music are:
· It has a monophonic texture, but with instrumental accompainament
· It uses modal scales
· Its desingned for entretainamen
· Its written in the local language
· Its performed by male and female voices
The ministrels were who played secular music. The songs of the ministrels were written in songbooks. -
800
LITURGICAL POLYPHONY
A second voice was added to plaisongs and polyphony was born. Musical notation was also evolving, because a more precise system was needed to write the rhythmic richness of the more complex polyphony
The main medieval liturgical polyphonic forms were:
· Organum: its the earliest form. the main voice was a Gregorian melody and a second, parallel voice was added.
· Discantus: a new voice was added to the Gregorian melody in contrary motion
· Conductus: it was a new composition for two voices -
Period: 1400 to 1500
Imitative counterpint
Is a type of polyphony texture with several similar but independent melodic lines that imitated each other, starting one after the other. -
Period: 1400 to 1500
homorhytmic homophony
in this texture, several melodic lines are played simultaneously. the melodic lines are similar all parts perform the same lyric at the same time, they have a similar or identical rhythm and are related to each other harmonically -
Period: 1400 to 1500
Melody–dominated homophony
in this texture composed for several parts, there is a main melodic line that can be identified clearly. the other parts perform the harmonic accompaniment -
Period: 1400 to 1500
Secular vocal music
In Italy originated the Madrigal an was de dominated form. It described feelings, always written in the vernacular.
In England were written song for one voice with instrumental accompaniment.
In France were written the same form but called chanson for several voices
In Spain:
· Romance: it was based on popular poetics ballads
· Villancico: its name comes from the tunes that peasants (villanus)
sang in the villages.
· Ensalada: was a combinations of different forms and textures -
Period: 1400 to 1500
Religious vocal music
Motet: it already existed in middle ages but in the renaissance, this form became more important Mass: it was along compositions with liturgical texts, written in latin. It was based on the fixed parts of the religious ceremony. Chorale: It was the most common music form in the Protestan liturgy. It was based on a pre existing melodies sung in the vernacular -
Period: to
Baroque music
in this period, instrumental music became just as important as vocal music and the first works written for orchesta appeared
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SaCheA6Njc4 -
Period: to
Baroque orchestra
it consist of all the instrument families, but was much smaller than it is today. Here are the different section:
Basso continuo: performed by harpsichord, harp or organ
Strings: it was the largest section of the orchestra. played the most important part
Wind: included two groups:
Woodwind: performed by organs, flute and bassoons
Brass: consist of a small groups pf trumpets
Percussion: it consist of two kettledrums -
Period: to
Compositions for piano
The piano was the most important Romantic instrument
link piano Bethoven
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kApopOM4dLU&list=RDkApopOM4dLU&start_radio=1&t=18 -
Period: to
Opera
in Italy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N4y4XAPtpV0
in France:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IysgillrMo4
in Germany:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8KE2FeU1qc -
Period: to
Musical Nationalism
Nationalist composers defended the languages and musical traditions of their countries
Russia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e98GPf4BJHE from Tchaikovsky
Hungary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UvDZKvBpgi4 from Bela Bartok
Spain: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V59WWAxzTYU from Felipe Pedrell -
Period: to
Romantic dance and ballet
The start of Romantic ballet was marked by the first Paris performance of La Sylphide in 1832, which brought the white tutu and pointe shoes into fashion. otherballets are Coppélia, The Nutcraker and Swan Lake
Copelia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryFyVpqbqGQ -
Period: to
Symphonic music
In the Romantic period appeared the symphony orchesta with over 80 musicians
Programme music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3Bay5rH_xo&list=PLla2pqEZ6nti64MqYriD--34eyLmsjJTB -
Impressionism
the impressionism movemnte appeard at the end of the 19th century, started with paintingsthat attemped to capture reality in a subjetivity way, Claude Debussy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOCucJw7iT8
Maurice Ravel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r30D3SW4OVw -
Expressionism
started as a movment initially in painting during the first world war in Germany. Main theme was people and their inner life, from a pesimist view
Arnold Shonberg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QNCIz-_QFrs
Alban Berg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqE5By_69OY
