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Neonate (0 to 1 month)
-Vital signs are: 90 to 180 beats/min, 30 to 60 breaths/minute, 50 to 70 mmHg, 98 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
-Physical Changes: Tidal volume in neonates change from 6 to 8 ml/kg to 10 to 15 ml/kg over a year. Neonates are born with primitive reflexes and fontanelles in the skull.
-Psychosocial changes: The growth of this is mainly when the infant interacts with the environment. The primary response to distress is crying. Have developing relationships with their caregivers. -
Infants (1 month to 1 year
-Vital signs: pulse Rate: 100 to 160, respirations: 25 to 60, systolic BP: 70 to 95, temperature (°F): 96.8 to 99.6
Physical changes: crawling; teething; walking without help; able to track objects with eyes; drooling.
Psychosoial changes: the relationship of bonding and secure attachment occurs ( formation of close, personal relationship); anxious avoident development may develop. -
Toddlers (1 to 3 years)
-Vital signs: pulse Rate: 90 to 150, respirations: 20 to 30, systolic BP: 80 to 100 temperature (°F): 96.8 to 99.6
Physical changes: lungs continue to devleop more terminal bronchioles and alveoli; loss of passive immunity; development of elimination patterns; teething.
Psychosocial changes: learning to speak & express; seperation anxiety peak 8-10 months; interation w/others; playing games; recognize sexual difference -
Preschoolers (3 to 6 years)
-Vital Signs: pulse Rate: 80 to 140, respirations: 20 to 25, systolic BP: 80 to 100. temperature (°F): 98.6
Physical changes: development of motor activites; brain will weigh 90% of its final adult weight; muscle mass increases; bones density increases; average age of tiolet training is 28 months of age.
Psychosocial changes: attatchement to parents is very strong at this stage; basic language is mastered; by playing games, kids will are able to learn rules, control, and competitiveness. -
School age (6 to 12 years)
Vital signs: pulse Rate: 70 to 120, respirations: 15 to 20, systolic BP: 80 to 110, temperature (°F): 98.6
Physical changes: children grown 4lb & 6cm per year; loss of baby teeth, development of permenant teeth; increase of brain activity.
Psychosocial changes: children learn various type of reasoning such as preconventional, conventional, and postconventional reasoning; development of self-concept & self-esteem -
Adolescents (12 to 18 years)
-Vital signs: pulse Rate: 60 to 100, respirations: 12 to 20, systolic BP: 90 to 110, temperature (°F): 98.6
Physcial changes: increase of muscles & bone growth; growth spurt; maturation of reproductive organs; pubic & axillary hair develops; boys are able to develop sperm & girls are able to develop eggs.
Psychosocial changes: privacy becomes an issue; self-conciousness increases; greater interest in sexual relations; stronger focus on public image; rebellious behavior may develop -
Early adults (19 to 40 years)
Vital signs: pulse Rate: 60 to 100, respirations: 12 to 20, systolic BP: 90 to 140, temperature (°F): 98.6
Physical changes: body should be functioning at optimal level; fatty tissue increases, muscles strength decreases; the disk in the spine begin to settle.
Psychosocial changes: the life of a human during this time revolves around work, family, & stress; period where many want to 'settle down. -
Middle adult (41 to 60 years)
Vital signs: pulse Rate: 60 to 100, respirations: 12 to 20, systolic BP: 90 to 140, temperature (°F): 98.6
Physical changes: vunerability to hearing & vision loss increases; cancer & cardiovascular health becomes an issue; in women, menopause occurs; increase of cholestral levels
Psychosoical changes: focus of achieving life goals increases; readjustement to lifestyle as children leave home. -
Late adult (61+)
Vital signs: pulse: 60 to 100 beats/min, respirations: 12 to 20 breaths/min, systolic bp: 90 to 140, temperature (°F): 98.6
Physical changes: cardiac function declines; greater chance of developing atherosclerosis; surface area of aveoli decreases; elasticity of lungs decrease; cilia in airways diminish; metabolism decreases; filtration function of renal systems decreases.
Psychosocial changes: mental function declines; dealing with financial issues; dealing with mortaility.
