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Issued by Emperor Theodosius II, this codex compiled Roman laws from 312 to 438. It covered topics like administration, taxation, and family law, and became the official law in both the Eastern and Western Roman Empires. -
A legal code for the Visigoths under King Euric, blending Roman and Gothic laws, marking the adaptation of Roman law by a barbarian kingdom. -
Issued by King Alaric II, this was a simplified version of Roman law for Roman subjects under Visigothic rule. It drew from key sources like the Codex Theodosianus or Codex Gregorianus and included an Interpretatio to clarify old legal language. It's contents were:
- Leges: Imperial laws.
- Iura: Opinions of classical jurists.
- Commonitorium: A compulsory text used in trials to standardize legal practice. -
A collection of earlier Roman laws, divided into 12 books, covering key areas like public and private law. It became the foundation for Byzantine legal practice and had lasting influence on European law.
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A basic legal textbook for students, outlining key principles of Roman law, and aligning with the Codex and Digesta. -
A 50-book compilation of jurists' opinions, including works by Gaius, Papinian, and Ulpian. It became a reference for legal professionals, shaping judicial decisions and legal education. -
New laws issued by Justinian, covering areas not included in the earlier codifications. -
This was a revision of the earlier Code of Euric, a legal code created for the Visigoths. It played a vital role in consolidating Visigothic legal traditions and was an important step toward the later Liber Iudiciorum. It likely contained legal reforms reflecting Leovigild’s push for stronger monarchical authority and territorial unification.
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Also known as the Visigothic Code or Fuero Juzgo (in its later Spanish form), this legal code was promulgated under King Reccesvinth, incorporating laws from previous Visigothic kings.
The code applied to both Romans and Visigoths, unifying legal standards across the kingdom, regardless of ethnicity.
It established the same laws for everyone living within the Visigothic kingdom’s borders. -
Foundational text for the development of modern civil law in Europe. It was rediscovered and taught in the University of Bologna. Marked the beginning of the European legal renaissance.
- Digestum Vetus (Books 1-24.2): The first section of the Digesta, which contained the legal writings and opinions of Roman jurists on various legal matters.
- Infortiatum (Books 24.3-38.17): The second section of the Digesta, focusing on civil law, contracts, and obligations. -
- Digestum Novum (Books 39.1-50.17): The final section of the Digesta, covering topics such as criminal law and public law.
- Codex (First Nine Books): This was a compilation of imperial constitutions issued by Roman emperors up to Justinian’s time. It provided a legal framework for many areas of public and private law.
- Volume Parvum: This smaller volume contained three parts: Institutes, Tres Libri and Novellae.