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In 1789, Lavoisier discovered that mass is neither created nor destroyed and how total mass will be the same at any point in time in a closed system
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In 1841, Julius Von Mayer discovered one of the first statements for the conservation of energy which would become the law of thermodynamics and stated that in a very similar way to the conservation of mass that, "energy cannot be created nor destroyed".
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In 1905, Albert Einstein made the discovery of one of the world's most famous/well-known equation E=MC2 and the Theory of Special Relativity which in science is the relationship between space and time.
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In 1938, history and war would change after the development of the atom bomb eventually becoming one of the most dangerous weapons in anyone's hands now after scientists in 1938 discovered Nuclear Fission and after years of scientists trying to figure out how to make what would ultimately be the most dangerous weapon in the history of mankind.
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In 1951, Enrico Fermi with a group of scientists initiated the first-self sustaining nuclear chain reaction. Over the next decade, the development of nuclear reactors would become more common and popular until the Chernobyl Incident which showed how dangerous they could be and tainted the reputation of nuclear reactors for decades.
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The development and discovery of special relativity has led to the theories of the universe expanding, black-holes, ripples in space and time and many more including the development of nuclear technology.