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Plessy v. Ferguson
A Louisiana man by the name of Homer Plessy, who was seven eighths white, sat in an all white railway car and was arrested. He claimed that he was denied equal protection under the law. A case in which the Supreme Court ruled that segregated, "equal but separate" public accommodations for blacks and whites did not violate the 14th amendment. This ruling made segregation legal. As a result, restrictive Jim Crow legislation and separate public accommodations based on race became commonplace. -
Brown v. Board
The case was named after Oliver Brown an African American man whose daughter faced a long commute to school every day. Linda had been denied admission to an all-white school, which was just five blocks from her home. It was legal in America for states to have separate schools for black and white children. Including transportation, public restrooms, and drinking fountains. The NAACP complained about the poor quality of black schools and decided to challenge racist laws through the courts. -
Title IX
Law that no person in the US shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participating in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. Before, there was a few given opportunities to female athletes, there was no athletic scholarships or held championships for women. Title IX was designed to correct those imbalances,but it did not require that women athletes receive the same amount of money as men. -
Lau v. Nichols
In California , a class action suit was brought by the non-English-speaking Chinese students who did not receive additional instruction against officials responsible for the operation of the San Francisco Unified School District. The students alleged that they were not provided with equal educational opportunities and, therefore, were not being afforded their Fourteenth Amendment rights. The San Francisco school system failed to provide 1,800 chines students with the right resources. -
Education of all Handicapped Children Act
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, also known as Public Law 94-142. The act required all public schools to provide equal access to education for children with physical and mental disabilities. Public schools were required to evaluate children with disabilities and create an educational plan with parent input that would emulate as closely as possible the educational experience of non-disabled students. -
Plyler v. Doe
In 1975, the Texas Legislature authorized local school districts to deny enrollment in public schools to foreign-born children who were not “legally admitted” to the United States. Then they adopted a policy requiring foreign-born students to pay tuition if they were not “legally admitted.” The Supreme Court issued Plyler v. Doe, a landmark decision holding that states cannot constitutionally deny students a free public education on account of their immigration status. -
Force by force v. Pierce city R-VI school dist.
A 13 year old named Nichole Force wanted to play football at Pierce City Junior High School, but she couldn't because she was a girl. Later judge Ross Roberts granted the then 13-year-old Force an injunction that barred the school from denying her the opportunity to play. Roberts determined that Nichole had no legal entitlement to a starting position on the team but that she should be judged on her abilities, since all males of any ability, size, or strength could try out. -
Freeman v. Pitts
The United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia ordered the DeKalb County School System to eliminate its previously legal racial segregation and its inequitable byproducts under judicial control. The court decided to relinquish control over the DCSS, while it maintained control and mandated further improvements in the areas in which segregation still existed.
