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suffrage
Right to vote in political elections. Not only the legal right to vote, but also the practical question of whether a question will be put to a vote. Utility of suffrage is reduced when important questions are decided unilaterally by elected or non-elected representatives. -
industrialization
social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one. Took place from the 18th to early 19th century in certain areas in Europe and North America. First transformation to an industrial economy is known as the Industrial Revolution. -
19th amendment
prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex. First introduced in Congress in 1878 by Senator Aaron A. Sargent. It was ratified by the requisite number of states a year later -
indian removal
Native Americans were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River. Key law that forced the removal of the Indians, and was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson. characterized as part of a long-term genocide of Native Americans -
nativism
policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. Religious nativism gained new life in the American colonies. It also became the most enduring part of the nativist tradition in America until the mid 20th century. -
Andrew Carnegie
Scottish American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. identified as one of the richest people and one of the richest Americans. Started work as a telegrapher and by the 1860s had investments in railroads, railroad sleeping cars, bridges and oil derricks -
susan b anthony
American social reformer and women's rights advocate who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. In 1856, she became the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society. Anthony traveled extensively in support of women's suffrage. -
third parties politics
party contending for votes that failed to outpoll either of its two strongest rivals. "third parties" is used mostly in countries with first past the post electoral systems. Party needs to have a certain level of success to be considered a third party. -
homestead act
encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land. It was signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln. -
clarence darrow
American lawyer, leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union. Best known for defending teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb in their trial for murdering 14-year-old Robert "Bobby" Franks. Darrow was an early supporter of female suffrage and a women's rights advocate. -
populism & progressivism
Populism depicts elites as trampling on the rights, values, and voice of the legitimate people. Progressivism is a philosophy based on the idea of progress.Progressivism became highly significant during the Age of Enlightenment in Europe. -
civil service reform
United States federal law, enacted in 1883, which established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation. provided selection of government employees by competitive exams. It also made it illegal to fire or demote government officials for political reasons and prohibited soliciting campaign donations on Federal government property -
haymarket riot
aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday May 4, 1886, Chicago. It began as a peaceful rally in support of workers striking for an eight-hour day and in reaction to the killing of several workers the previous day by the police.unknown person threw a dynamite bomb at police,bomb blast and ensuing gunfire resulted in the deaths of seven police officers and at least four civilians -
dawes act
authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians.The Dawes Act was amended in 1891, in 1898 by the Curtis Act, and again in 1906 by the Burke Act. provided what the government would classify as "excess" those Indian reservation lands remaining after allotments -
ida b. wells
African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, feminist and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement.She was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) .She was active in women's rights and the women's suffrage movement -
muckraker
characterize reform-minded American journalists who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt.The muckrakers played a highly visible role during the Progressive Era period.term describes either a journalist who writes in the adversarial or alternative tradition, or a non-journalist whose purpose in publication is to advocate reform and change -
klondike gold rush
was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada. Gold was discovered there by local miners on August 16, 1896. It triggered a stampede of would-be prospectors. -
manifest destiny
a widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America.three basic themes to manifest destiny.manifest destiny was an expression of conviction in the morality and value of expansionism that complemented other popular ideas of the era -
urbanization
predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas. it is a population shift from rural to urban areas.Urbanization is relevant to a range of disciplines. -
gilded age
era of rapid economic growth, especially in the North and West. The early half of the Gilded Age roughly coincided with the middle portion of the Victorian era in Britain. The nation was rapidly expanding its economy into new areas, especially heavy industry like factories, railroads, and coal mining. -
dollar diplomacy
form against American foreign policy to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries.the use of diplomacy to promote commercial interest dates from the early years of the Republic.Dollar Diplomacy was designed to make both people in foreign lands and the American investors prosper -
Upton Sinclair
American writer of nearly 100 books and other works across a number of genres.Sinclair's work was well-known and popular in the first half of the twentieth century. Sinclair got fame for his muckraking novel, The Jungle, which exposed conditions in the U.S. meat packing industry, causing a public uproar that contributed in part to the passage a few months later of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act -
pure food and drug act
preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods.This act mandated examination of livestock before slaughter. It required ongoing USDA inspection of slaughterhouses and processing plants. -
initiative & referendum
process that enables citizens to bypass their state legislature by placing proposed statutes."Referendum" is a general term which refers to a measure that appears on the ballot. If the Legislature passes a law that voters do not approve of, they may gather signatures to demand a popular vote on the law. -
17th amendment
established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states. Allows state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.The amendment was proposed by the 62nd Congress in 1912 and adopted in 1913 -
william jennings bryan
American orator and politician and a dominant force in the populist wing of the Democratic Party. He served two terms as a member of the United States House of Representatives. Bryan was able to push the Democratic Party from its laissez-faire and small-government roots toward its liberal character. -
16th amendment
allows the Congress to levy an income tax. exempted income taxes from the constitutional requirements regarding direct taxes.The amendment was adopted on February 3, 1913. -
federal reserve act
Act of Congress that created and established the Federal Reserve System. There were to be at least eight and no more than twelve private regional Federal Reserve banks.created a monetary system that could respond effectively to the stresses in the banking system and create a stable financial system -
18th amendment
established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol.The amendment was repealed in 1933 by ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment. was the result of decades of effort by the temperance movement in the United States and at the time was generally considered a progressive amendment. -
political machines
The machine's power is based on the ability of the workers to get out the vote for their candidates on election day. Machines typically are organized on a permanent basis instead of for a single election or event.The term "political machine" dates back to the 20th century in the US -
Jane Addams
he was a pioneer American social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author. He became a leader in women's suffrage.Addams became a role model for middle-class women who volunteered to uplift their communities -
immigration & the american dream
People wanted to be able to live freely, go to school, have a job. Many immigrants came to the US to live the American dream. Most people thought it was the best way of living and they wanted to experience it. -
Theodore Roosevelt
was an American statesman who served as the 26th President of the United States. As a leader of the Republican Party during this time, he became a driving force for the Progressive Era in the United States in the early 20th century. Roosevelt began a systematic study of the role played by the young US Navy in the War -
Eugene V Debbs
American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World. Debbs was a member of the Democratic Party. He was elected as a Democrat to the Indiana General Assembly in 1884.