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Johannes Kepler December 27, 1571 - November 15, 1630
Johannes Kepler discovered the orbit of Mars was an ellipse in 1605. Kepler established three laws known as Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion. The first law: planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus. The second law: The radius vector describes equal areas in equal times. These two laws were published in his book Astronomia Nova in 1609. The third published in his Harmonices Mundi: The squares of the periodic times are to each other as the cubes of the mean distances (Gould). -
The Second Law
"The radius vector describes equal areas in equal times"
The imaginary line between the planet orbiting and the sun will be equal distance. Talking about the energy it takes: as the planet nears the sun, the speed increases. As the planet goes further away from the sun, it's speed slows (Britannica). -
The First Law
"Planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus"
Being an heir to Tycho Brahe, Kepler was able to use the data from Brahe to discover the first law which was found after discovering the second law. Kepler discovered that the distance between the Sun and Earth is always changing as the Earth orbits the sun (Dictionary). -
The Third Law
"The squares of the periodic times are to each other as the cubes of the mean distances"
Kepler had found an equation to calculate the speed in which planets themselves orbit the sun. Finding that the larger planets move slower and the smaller move faster. Which helped Sir Isaac Newton explain the relationship between orbiting the sun and gravity (Ventrudo). -
John Tyndall August 1820 - December 1893
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Tyndall 1853 Discovery
"Tyndall examined the transmission of both radiant heat and light through various gases and vapours. He discovered that water vapour and carbon dioxide absorb much more radiant heat than the gases of the atmosphere" Ruth Barton - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Tyndall -
Tyndall 1859 Discovery
Tyndall studied the diffusion of light. He discovered the scattering of a beam of light by a medium containing small suspended particles. He named it Tyndall effect. Ruth Barton - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Tyndall -
Late 1860s Tyndall Discovery
In the late 1860s he wrote an introductory book about sound propagation in air. Tyndall established that sound is partially reflected at the location where an air mass of one temperature meets another air mass of a different temperature; and mostly when a body of air contains two or more air masses of different densities or temperatures. The sound travels poorly because of reflections occurring at the interfaces between the air masses, and when many such interfaces are present (wiki). -
Tyndallization 1876
a method of sterilization method involves steaming liquids and food products three or four times to temperatures of 100° to 120°C, with an interval of 24 hours between each incubation period . In these intervals bacterial spores that have survived germinate, and the vegetative cells that emerge from the spores are killed during the subsequent heating. Tyndallization is used for sterilizing medicinal preparations as well as for heat processing of food products (encyclopedia). -
The Laws Explained
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDHnWptz5Jo (First Law)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qd3dIGJqRDU (Second Law)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbXVpdlmYZo (Third Law) -
Tyndallization Explained
