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Aug 10, 1492
Expulsion from Spain
Traits: Expulsion
Locations: Spain
Consequences: The Golden Age for Jews ends and Jews leave to Amsterdam and Venice -
Aug 10, 1492
Jews start spreading out
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Period: Aug 10, 1492 to
Jewish Modern Era
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Period: Aug 10, 1492 to
Early Modern Period
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Period: Sep 15, 1510 to Sep 15, 1569
Dona Gracia HaNasi
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Sep 15, 1516
1st Jewish Ghetto created in Venice
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Sep 15, 1565
Shulchan Aruch Created
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Baruch Spinoza
Challenged notion of Identity
Helped usher in European Enlightenment
Ideas influenced western notions of truth, God, Religious institutions, individual liberty, government, emotion
Spinoza came from a Sephardic family from Spain who were refugees of The Expulsion.
Began to form radical ideas because of well rounded learning
Ideas challenged the nature of Truth
Mahamad put him in Cherem for ideas
Was the first Secular Jew -
1st Jewish Community in North America
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Moses Mendellsohn
Moses Mendelssohn (6 September 1729[1] – 4 January 1786) was a German Jewish philosopher to whose ideas the Haskalah is indebted.
Had ongoing debate with another philosopher as to whether Judaism was compatible with the Enlightenment (He said it was).
Core question he was addressing was if the Jews are more loyal to their country or their religion.
None of his descendants were Jewish within 100 years. -
Juedische Freischule founded
First Jewish Dual Curriculum School.
All classes in vernacular (German)
Board of directors made up of Lay leaders
1780: another Dual Curriculum Jewish school opened - Only taught bare minimum General studies so students would be able to function in the world. -
Ultra Orthodoxy starts
Stricter interpretations
More reliance on old commentary instead of new commentary
Learned for the sake of Judaism
Yeshivas turned inward - Never took part in the Enlightenment -
Period: to
Jewish Enlightenment
Who: Upper middle class Jews of Western Europe
Where: Germany, Austria, France
What: Apostacy & Rapid change in identity
Why: European Enlightenment & Decrease in Rabbinic Authority
How: Cultural Assimilation
First time Jews part of larger community
When: ca. 1780-1820 -
Edict of Toleration
Made by Emperor Joseph II (Austrian Empire)
Jews could live outside of Jewish quarter
Jews need to take surnames
Jews can send their children to public school
Jews don't have to pay poll tax
Jews could own factories -
Emancipation of the Jews of France
Jews can be Jewish privately, but the Jewish community cannot stay seperate from the French community.
On one hand, not second class citizens, but on the other, have to contribute to larger community. -
Berr Isaac Berr
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Contra Reform Movement (Chatam Sofer)
Minhag of Israel is torah - You don't mess with the status quo.
Chukas Hagoyim - When you adopt practices of hte Gentile world with the intention of fitting in, it's not ok
