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a Japanese army stationed in Manchuria took matters into its own hands. Claiming that Chinese soldiers had tried to blow up a railway line, they captured several cities in southern Manchuria. Chinese troops withdrew from the area. Japan's civilian government tried but failed to prevent the army from taking further action. By February 1932, the army had seized all of Manchuria.
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By the end of 1938, Italy had conquered Ethiopia, Japan had invaded China, and Germany had taken Austria and the Sudetenland. The United States watched warily from a distance, protected by the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
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Neville Chamberlain, the British prime minister, met with Hitler twice to try to resolve the issue. Chamberlain pursued a policy of appeasement, or giving in to a competitor's demands in order to keep the peace. Hitler kept increasing his demands, so Chamberlain and the French president, Édouard Daladier, met with Hitler and Mussolini in Munich, Germany, in September 1938.
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The uprising turned into a fierce civil war between the Nationalists and the Republicans. Both sides turned to foreign powers for help. Germany and Italy provided planes, tanks, and soldiers to the Nationalists. The Soviet Union sent arms and supplies to the Republicans. In March 1939, the Nationalist army finally took the Spanish capital of Madrid and ended the civil war.
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It took Hitler and his nazis less than a month to overrun Poland. He used the newly adopted technique of 'blitzkrieg' or lightning war to accomplish this task. It is a three-pronged attack with planes bombing first, followed by tanks and artillery next, and finally ground troops attack.