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Jail and Prison History
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Capital and Corporal Punishment
Jails or Gaols as they were called were used as detentiokn only until the punishment was carried out or until the fee was paid for the crime commited. -
Construction of Walnut Street Jail Approved
Initially buillt as a city jail to assist with the overcrowding of the existing city of Philadelphia Jail. Walnut Street Jail was expanded in 1790 with the intent of it being used to punish inamtes with time served rather than capital or corporal punishment. The prison was one of the first to be known as penitentiary, from the latin word for remorse ("Walnut Street Prison ", n.d.). Walnut Street Prison . (n.d.). Retrieved from http://law.jrank.org/pages/11192/Walnut-Street-Prison.html -
John Howard Dies
John Howard helped reform the jail and prison system. Once a prisoner himself and taken back by the deplorable conditions of the jail he spent time in, John Howard, took to prisons to examine and eventually write aobut the conditions and how to improve. In 1779 he pushed for the successful passage of the English Penitentiary Act that required minimum standards for jail conditions (Seiter,2011). Seiter, R. P. (2011). Corrections: An Introduction (3rd ed.). : Prentice Hall. -
Bodmin Jail
Although in England and America the push for development and reform of prisons was beggining executions were still happening. Bodmin Jail in England publicly hanged 55 year old, John Hoskin, for stealing a sack of wheat after being detained in Bodmin Jail ("Cornwall 1735-1799", n.d.). Cornwall 1735-1799. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/cornwall.html -
Auburn, New York
In 1817 the State of New York opened a prison in Auburn with the initial intention of following the "silent and sperate" system of Pennsylvania. However, 6 years later it began to develop into what is now refered to as the Auburn System where inmates work and eat together but remain silent and seperated any other time (Seiter, 2011). Seiter, R. P. (2011). Corrections: An Introduction (3rd ed.). : Prentice Hall. -
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Reformatory Era
Prisons focused on inamtes educaiton, vocational programs, and life outside of prison, after release. -
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Industrial Prison Era
An alarming increasng of over 170 percent inmate growth in the United States ledd to the Industrial Era which was a push by prisons to develop a self sustaining or more economical prison. During this era, an estaimted 85 percent of inmates would work while incarcerated (Crouch, 2011). Crouch S. (2011) Modern Prison History. http://www.drtomoconnor.com/1050/1050lect01a.htm -
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Rehabilitative Era
During this era it became apparent that staff and management of prisons needed attention. Self imporvement programs and training of current staff and management became a norm. -
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Retributive Era
Increase in violence combined with constant media coverage lef to this era. During this era the focus became to really give inamtes a tough sentence and time behind bars to reduce the number of inmates returning to prison and detere criminals. -
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U.S. Inmate Population Tripled
Johnson, R. (2011). 11 Stunning Facts About America's Prisons. Retrieved from http://11 Stunning Facts About America's Prisons -
U.S. World leader of incarcerated population
Bureau of Justice Statistics Prisoners Series (2013)
http://www.sentencingproject.org/template/page.cfm?id=107
