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After the first national banks 20 year charter ended and the war of 1812 came the nation started to economically struggle. So they made a second National Bank.
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After both houses of congress passes the bill, Andrew Jackson returned the bill unsigned saying that it was unconstitutional.
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This was a party created that opposed Andrew Jackson and his decisions to weaken the Second National Bank.
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Since the National Bank closed many state banks were handing out extremely high loans, and Andrew Jackson's new policies favored hard currency. This led to high inflation and many financial crises.
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This was an act passed to completely separate the nation's financial situation from the government.